Chapter 13

Question 1

Fundamental Objectives of Lighting:

Answer 1

• Exposure and visibility
  o Most rudimentary and utilitarian function
• Depth and dimension
• Narrative emphasis
• Tone and mood
• Consistency
  -Make sure your lighting schemes remain consistent!

Question 2

Natural light

Answer 2

a term meaning a lisght source coming from nature, a source that is not artificial

Question 3

Artificial light

Answer 3

any light source that generates light through electricity

Question 4

Available light

Answer 4

light sources that ordinarily exist in any given location

Question 5

Mixed lighting

Answer 5

combining light sources of different color temperatures (Aaron’s def)

Question 6

Motivated lighting

Answer 6

using movie lights to duplicate where light would logically be emanating from

Question 7

Intensity

Answer 7

• the strength of the light emitted b a source and is measured by a light meter in footcandles
• Depends on reflector system
• Depends of wattage of the lamp used (500 watts, 1000 watts, etc)

Question 8

Inverse Square Law

Answer 8

the intensity of light falls off by the square of the distance from the subject

Question 9

Point source

Answer 9

where the light glows white hot, creating a directional beam

Question 10

Hard light

Answer 10

light that travels from a lamp directly to a subject

Question 11

Diffuse light

Answer 11

light that does not directly illuminate the subject, but instead reflect light off an unpolished, white surface

Question 12

Color temperature

Answer 12

the tonality that a light favors

Question 13

Tungsten lights (quartz lights)

Answer 13

common for artificial lighting instruments for medium-scale film and DV production (color temp. – 3200K degrees) – quite warm

Question 14

HMI

Answer 14

commonly used in bigger production (color temp. = 5600K degrees)- designed to emit a light that matches daylight color temp.

Question 15

Gels

Answer 15

sheets of dyed plastic material that are used in front of a lighting unit to alter the quality of that particular light source BEFORE it falls on the scene

Question 16

“tough”

Answer 16

heat resistant and can be placed on barndoors

Question 17

Neutral density

Answer 17

gray and do not affect the color of a light source: they simply cut down on its intensity

Question 18

Camera filters

Answer 18

glass or hard plastic elements mounted in front of the camera lens to change the quality of the light, from all sources, entering the camera

Question 19

Matte boxes

Answer 19

attach to the front of the camera and extend out from the lens to keep unwanted light from glancing off the lens

Question 20

Neutral density filters

Answer 20

gray tinted filters that simply cut down the amount of light entering the lens

Question 21

Diffusion filters

Answer 21

special effect filters used to soften an image while maintaining sharpness and focus

• White: creates soft haze
• Black: softens the image by delicately flaring the dark shadowy areas

Question 22

Graduated filters

Answer 22

gradually introduce a filter effect into only a portion of the frame, leaving the rest of the frame unaffected

Question 23

Polarizing filters

Answer 23

used to block light rays that are not parallel when entering the lens

Question 24

Diffusion media

Answer 24

used to soften the output of a hard light source

Question 25

backlight

Answer 25

you will see bright highlights on the top and side edges of the subject

Question 26

sidelight

Answer 26

positioned 90 degrees from the camera – comes directly from te side of the subject and has the effect of dividing the illuminated object in half

Question 27

Frontal light

Answer 27

illumination that comes essentially from the angle of the camera

Question 28

¾ frontal

Answer 28

place 45 degrees from the camera

Question 29

key light

Answer 29

primary source of illumination for your scene | fill light: a soft light that is positioned to fill in the shadows created by the key light

Question 30

backlight

Answer 30

a light that separates the subject from the background by positioning a somewhat lower intensity hard to semi-soft light at a high angle and behind the subject

Question 31

specials

Answer 31

low wattage, unobtrusive lights whose function is to kick up the illumination ona specific object or a small area of the frame for special emphasis

Question 32

practicals

Answer 32

lights included in the shot – lamps, sconces, overhead fixtures

Question 33

high-key lighting

Answer 33

- minimizes shadows, texture, and dimensionality - ensures visibility in all parts of your scene - has a low key-to-fill ratio (2:1, 3:1)

Question 34

low-key lighting:

Answer 34

- yields very dark and prominent shadow areas - intensity of the fill light is considerably lower than the key - high key-to-fill ratio (16:1, 36:1)

Question 35

reflector board

Answer 35

a flat, broad, and lightweight board used to bounce light from a source onto your scene - one side has a white, diffused surface that simultaneously bounces and diffuses a hard light source like the sun - the other side is a specular or hard side that reflects and maintains the hard quality of the source, much like a mirror

Question 36

open faced spot

Answer 36

a common open faced unit that has a movable lamp, allowing it to focus its throw somewhat from a broad to a more narrowly defined area

Question 37

butterfly scrim

Answer 37

a large sheet of diffusion material attached to a metal frame

Question 38

broads

Answer 38

open faced lights with no spotting capability ,deliver hard, efficiently bright light

Question 39

Chinese lantern

Answer 39

a specialized soft light rig that is used exclusively as a fill light

Question 40

Fluorescent lights

Answer 40

pass electric charge through mercury gas trapped within a hollow tube causing it to glow

Question 41

c-stands

Answer 41

all purpose holder

Question 42

trimming

Answer 42

blocking light to keep it from falling where you don’t want it

Question 43

light spill

Answer 43

light that falls where it should not

Question 44

barndoors

Answer 44

standard addition to almost every lighting unit; design to help control the coverage of the beam

Question 45

scrims

Answer 45

wire mesh screens that fit directly in front of the lighting unit; used to reduce intensity

Question 46

flags

Answer 46

free standing frames covered with black felt; used to sharply define where the light falls/doesn’t when precise trimming is called for

Question 47

gobo

Answer 47

general term for anything that comes between a light source and the scene

Question 48

gator clips

Answer 48

ensure a very tight grip ondoors and tables

Question 49

mafer clamps

Answer 49

lock onto pipes

Question 50

polecats

Answer 50

often used with mafer clamps for hanging light in window frames, doorways, or narrow halls