Chapter 13

Question 1

A system of democracy in which all members of a group or community participate collectively in making major decisions

Answer 1

Participatory democracy

Question 2

A form of participatory democracy that allows citizens to vote directly and laws and policies

Answer 2

Direct democracy

Question 3

Systems of government in which unelected kings or queens rule

Answer 3

Monarchies

Question 4

Kings or queens who are largely figureheads. Real power rests in the hands of other political leaders

Answer 4

Constitutional monarchies

Question 5

A type of representative democracy in which elected representatives hold power

Answer 5

Liberal democracies

Question 6

The belief that politics should reflect the needs and interests of ordinary people rather than those of elite individuals or groups

Answer 6

Populism

Question 7

A political system in which the governing bodies or leaders use force to maintain control

Answer 7

Authoritarianism

Question 8

Particular types of states, characteristic of the modern world, in which governments have a sovereign power within defined territorial areas, and populations are citizens who know them selves to be part of single nations

Answer 8

Nation-state

Question 9

People with a common identity that includes shared culture, language, and feelings of belonging

Answer 9

Nation

Question 10

A political apparatus ruling over a given territorial order, whose authority is backed by law and the ability to use force

Answer 10

State

Question 11

The undisputed political rule of a state over a given territorial area

Answer 11

Sovereignty

Question 12

States in which the central government has lost authority and resorts to deadly force to retain power

Answer 12

Failed states

Question 13

A set of beliefs and symbols expressing identification with the national community

Answer 13

Nationalism

Question 14

The belief that communities that share a cultural identity should have political autonomy, even with in smaller units of nation-states

Answer 14

Local nationalism

Question 15

The ability of individuals or the members of a group to achieve aims or further the interests they hold

Answer 15

Power

Question 16

A government’s legitimate use of power

Answer 16

Authority

Question 17

Members of a political community, having both rights and duties associated with that membership

Answer 17

Citizens

Question 18

Legal rights held by all citizens in a given national community

Answer 18

Civil rights

Question 19

Rights of political participation, such as the right to vote in local and national elections, held by citizens of a national community

Answer 19

Political rights

Question 20

Rights of social and welfare provision held by all citizens in a national community, including, the right to claim unemployment benefits and sickness payments provided by the state

Answer 20

Social rights

Question 21

A political system that provides a wide range of a welfare benefits for its citizens

Answer 21

Welfare state

Question 22

Processes of political change involving the mobilizing of a massive social movement, which, by the use of violence, successfully overthrows in existing regime and forces a new government

Answer 22

Revolutions

Question 23

Large groups of people who seek to accomplish or to block a process of social change

Answer 23

Social movements

Question 24

A theory of the limits of democracy, it holds that in large scale societies democratic participation is necessarily limited to the regular election of political leaders

Answer 24

Democratic elitism

Question 25

Small networks of individuals who hold concentrated power in modern societies

Answer 25

Power elite

Question 26

A group organized to pursue specific interests in the political arena, operating primarily by lobbying the members of legislative bodies

Answer 26

Interest group

Question 27

Deprivation a person feels by comparing himself with a group

Answer 27

Relative deprivation

Question 28

Action undertaken in a relatively spontaneous way by a large number of people assembled together

Answer 28

Collective action

Question 29

Tension that produces conflicting interests within society

Answer 29

Structural strain

Question 30

The use of an understanding of history as a basis for trying to change history

Answer 30

Historicity

Question 31

The arena within which social movements interact with established organizations, often producing a modification of the ideas and outlook of the members of both

Answer 31

Field of action

Question 32

A set of social movements that have arisen in Western societies since the 1960s in response to the changing risks facing human society. They focus on a range of human rights as opposed to economic concerns and thus draw support from across class lines

Answer 32

New social movements

Question 33

The realm of activity that lies between the state and the market, including the family, schools, community associations, and non-economic institutions

Answer 33

Civil society

Question 34

Instances in which the members of a nation lack of political sovereignty over the area they claim as their own

Answer 34

Nations without states

Question 35

The failure of a political order to be able to govern properly because it did not generate a sufficient level of commitment and involvement on the part of its citizens

Answer 35

Legitimation crisis