chapter 13

Question 1

Evolution explains the ______ of life.

Answer 1

unity and diversity

Question 2

Natural selection is the process by which populations become ______ to their environment.

Answer 2

adapted

Question 3

Fossils are ___________.

Answer 3

mineralized bones of animals
plants pressed into shale
insects trapped in resin
footprints, worm casts or preserved worm droppings

Question 4

Fossils can be linked over time because ________.

Answer 4

most are embedded in sedimentary rock that is laid down in layers

Question 5

The fossil Archaeopteryx is a transitional link between early ___________.

Answer 5

reptiles and birds

Question 6

_____ structures are anatomical features that are fully developed and functional in one group of organisms but are reduced and functionless in similar groups.

Answer 6

Vestigial

Question 7

Vestigial structures occur because _______.

Answer 7

animals inherit their anatomy from their ancestors

Question 8

Chick and pig embryos have many features in common. This is because ________.

Answer 8

they evolved from a common ancestor

Question 9

they evolved from a common ancestor

Answer 9

have a dorsal supporting rod and exhibit paired pharyngeal pouches

Question 10

_____ is the study of the distribution of plants and animals throughout the world.

Answer 10

Biogeography

Question 11

All living organisms are similar in using __________.

Answer 11

DNA(or RNA) and ATP

Question 12

_____ has occurred when there is a change in gene pool frequencies

Answer 12

Microevolution

Question 13

The condition(s) that need to be met for the Hardy-Weinberg Law to be plausible include ________.

Answer 13

no mutations
	random mating
	no genetic drift
	no gene flow
	no natural selection

Question 14

In real life, the Hardy-Weinberg Law _______.

Answer 14

does NOT hold because the conditions are rarely if ever met

Question 15

______ provides new alleles and therefore underlies all other mechanisms that produce variation.

Answer 15

Mutation

Question 16

Nonrandom mating occurs when individuals pair up, NOT by chance, but according to their _________.

Answer 16

genotypes or phenotypes

Question 17

Genetic drift refers to changes in allele frequencies of a gene pool due to chance

Answer 17

t

Question 18

In nature, ______ lead(s) to small populations in which genetic drift drastically affects gene pool frequencies.

Answer 18

founder effect

bottleneck effect

Question 19

Types of natural selection are _________.

Answer 19

stabilizing selection
disruptive selection
directional selection