chapter 3 Flashcards
(20 cards)
The four types of organic molecules found in all living things include carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and ___________.
proteins
An organic molecule always contains:
carbon
What is the main reason for carbon functioning as the basis of all organic molecules?
it can form bonds with four other atoms at the same time
What determines the reactivity of an organic molecule in the body?
the functional group(s) the molecule contains.
Carboxyl groups (COOH) are commonly found in which types of organic molecules?
fatty acids and amino acids
Cells use the ____________ reaction to build macromolecules.
dehydration synthesis
The monomer unit(s) of nucleic acids is/are called:
nucleotides
Plants transport carbohydrates mainly in the form of:
sucrose
Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are all polymers of:
glucose
RNA contains ________________ as a base while DNA instead has ________________.
uracil; thymine
Carbohydrates fulfill two main functions in living organisms, as a source of energy and as ______________.
structural components
Plants tend to store energy in the form of ______________ fats, such as oils.
unsaturated
Phospholipids are important in living things due to their role in/as:
membrane structure
The tertiary structure of a protein can be defined as:
the final 3-dimensional shape of the protein
The two strands present in DNA are held together by:
hydrogen bonds between bases
Which one of the following is NOT generally a function of proteins in living things?
source of energy
A group of proteins called __________ are a vital part of an animal’s defense system against infection.
antibodies
The bond between two amino acids in a protein is specifically called a:
peptide bond
The alpha helix and pleated sheet are examples of:
secondary structures of proteins
The energy-carrying ability of the ATP molecules is due to:
the instability of the bonds between the final two phosphates
