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IS52 Lecture > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

A collection of technologies that allow the creation of web applications that can update information on a page without requiring the user to refresh or leave the page.

A

AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)

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2
Q

A small application located on a server; when requested, the applet is downloaded to the client.

A

applet

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3
Q

A list of rules that defines in one single location how to display HTML elements.

A

cascading style sheet (CSS)

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4
Q

Where a dedicated connection is formed between two points (such as two people on telephones) and the connection remains active for the duration of the transmission.

A

circuit switching

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5
Q

A model of network communications where a client device such as a computer, tablet, or smartphone uses browsers to request services from networks that make up the Internet.

A

client/server model

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6
Q

A program that runs on the client computer and that requires no interaction with a web server.

A

client-side program

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7
Q

Computers that host software that enables users to buy goods and services over the Web.

A

commerce server

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8
Q

A set of rules for exchanging electronic information.

A

computer protocol

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9
Q

A protocol that a host computer can use to send data over the network without establishing a direct connection with any specific recipient computer.

A

connectionless protocol

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10
Q

Used by JavaScript to organize objects and page elements.

A

Document Object Model (DOM)

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11
Q

A server that maintains a database of domain names and converts domain names to Internet protocol addresses.

A

domain name system (DNS) server

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12
Q

The form of an Internet protocol address, where sets of numerals are separated by decimals (i.e., 197.169.73.63).

A

dotted decimal number (dotted quad)

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13
Q

A way of assigning Internet protocol addresses where a computer is assigned a temporary address from an available pool of addresses.

A

dynamic addressing

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14
Q

A protocol for assigning dynamic Internet protocol addresses.

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

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15
Q

A combination of technologies—HTML, cascading style sheets, and JavaScript—used to create lively and interactive websites.

A

dynamic HTML (DHTML)

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16
Q

In HTML, a pair of tags and the text between them.

A

element

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17
Q

Internet-based communication in which senders and recipients correspond.

A

e-mail

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18
Q

A server whose function is to process and deliver incoming and outgoing e-mail.

A

e-mail server

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19
Q

The process of coding e-mail so that only the person with the key to the code (the intended recipient) can decode the message.

A

encryption

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20
Q

A markup language that enables designers to define their own data-based tags, making it much easier for a website to transfer the key information on its page to another site; it defines what data is being described rather than how it’s to be displayed.

A

eXtensible Markup Language (XML)

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21
Q

A server that stores and manages files for network users or that acts as a storehouse for files that users can download.

A

file server

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22
Q

In a connection-oriented protocol, the process of exchanging control packets before exchanging data packets.

A

handshaking

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23
Q

A digit with 16 possible values: 0–9 and A–F.

A

hexadecimal digit

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24
Q

A programming language that tucks programming code directly within the HTML of a web page; the most popular example is JavaScript.

A

HTML embedded scripting language

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25
Tags that surround and define HTML content (such as and, which indicate bolding).
HTML tag
26
The Internet protocol that ensures data is sent securely over the Web.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
27
The main pathway of high-speed communications lines over which all Internet traffic flows.
Internet backbone
28
A section of the hard drive that stores information that may be needed again, such as Internet protocol addresses and frequently accessed web pages.
Internet cache
29
The organization that registers Internet protocol addresses to ensure they’re unique and haven’t been assigned to other users.
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
30
A way of connecting Internet service providers (ISPs) that’s made up of one or more network switches to which the ISPs connect.
Internet exchange point (IXP)
31
The interconnection of uniquely identifiable embedded computing devices that transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.
Internet of Things (IoT)
32
One of the original two protocols that were developed for the Internet (the other was TCP).
Internet protocol (IP)
33
The original Internet protocol addressing scheme, created in 1981.
Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4)
34
An Internet protocol addressing scheme that makes IP addresses longer, thereby providing more available addresses.
Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6)
35
An Internet protocol (IP) addressing scheme that makes IP addresses longer, thereby providing more available addresses.
JavaScript
36
A syntax for exchanging information between computers.
Javascript Object Notation (JSON)
37
The two keys used in public-key encryption.
key pair
38
Specification for sending files as attachments to e-mail.
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
39
In data exchange, the communication sent from one computer or system to another stating that it did not receive a data packet in readable form.
negative acknowledgment (NAK)
40
A reference to each of the four numbers in a dotted decimal number Internet protocol address, so called because each number would have eight numerals in binary form.
octet
41
The system software that controls the way in which a computer system functions, including the management of hardware, peripherals, and software.
operating system (OS)
42
A small segment of data that’s bundled for sending over transmission media. Each packet contains the address of the computer or peripheral device to which it’s being sent.
packet (data packet)
43
A bank of modems, servers, routers, and switches through which Internet users connect to an Internet service provider.
point of presence (POP)
44
In data exchange, the confirmation sent from one computer or system to another saying that the computer has received a data packet that it can read.
positive acknowledgment (ACK)
45
The key for decoding retained as private in public-key encryption.
private key
46
A type of encryption where only the two parties involved in sending the message have the code.
private-key encryption
47
A system having the characteristic of being closed to public access (private), as opposed to an open system.
proprietary system
48
The key for coding distributed to the public in public-key encryption.
public key
49
A type of encryption where two keys, known as a key pair, are created. One key is used for coding and the other for decoding. The key for coding is distributed as a public key, whereas the private key is retained for decoding.
public-key encryption
50
A domain name system (DNS) server that contains the master listings for an entire top-level domain.
root DNS server
51
A domain that’s directly below a top-level domain.
second-level domain
52
A network security protocol that provides for the encryption of data transmitted using the Internet. The current versions of all major web browsers support SSL.
secure sockets layer (SSL)
53
A type of program that runs on a web server rather than on a computer.
server-side program
54
The protocol responsible for sending e-mail along the Internet to its destination; part of the Internet protocol suite.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
55
A way of assigning Internet protocol addresses where the address for a computer never changes and is most likely assigned manually by a network administrator or an Internet service provider.
static addressing
56
A communications line that carries digital data over twisted-pair wires.
T line
57
The main suite of protocols used for transmitting data over the Internet; short for Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet protocol (IP).
TCP/IP
58
In Transmission Control Protocol, the process used to establish a connection between two computers before exchanging data. The steps in a three-way handshake are as follows: One computer establishes a connection to the Internet service provider (ISP) and announces it has e-mail to send, the ISP server responds that it’s ready to receive, and the computer acknowledges the ready state of the server and begins to transmit the e-mail.
three-way handshake
59
One of the original two protocols developed for the Internet.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
60
An updated extension of the secure sockets layer.
transport layer security (TLS)
61
An Internet protocol that creates data packets across the Internet.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

IS52 Lecture (4 decks)

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