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Module 4: Chapter 13,1614 > Chapter 13 cardiovascular > Flashcards

Chapter 13 cardiovascular Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

this pumps blood to and from tissues and lungs

A

heart

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2
Q

through which blood moves

A

blood vessels

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3
Q

carries oxygen and nutrients to tissues and waster from tissue

A

blood

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4
Q

What are the functions of the heart?

A

keeps O2 poor blood separate from O2 rich blood, keeps blood flowing in one direction, creates blood pressure, regulates the blood supply, severs as an endocrine gland

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5
Q

inner layer, epithelia tissue

A

endocardium

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6
Q

thickest layer, middle layer, made of cardiac muscle tissue

A

myocardium

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7
Q

outer layer, formed by the visceral serous pericardium

A

epicardium

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8
Q

sac that encloses the heart

A

pericardium

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9
Q

where is the fibrous pericardium?

A

outer

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10
Q

where is the serous pericardium?

A

inner

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11
Q

where is the parietal serous pericardium located?

A

outer layer, under fibrous pericardium

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12
Q

where is the visceral serous pericardium?

A

inner layer, the epicardium

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13
Q

what is found between the two layers of serous pericardium?

A

pericardial fluid,

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14
Q

two smaller superior chambers

A

atria

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15
Q

two larger inferiors’ chambers

A

ventricles

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16
Q

What are the atria separated by?

A

interatrial septum

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17
Q

what are the ventricles separated by?

A

interventricular septum

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18
Q

Describe the right atrium

A

receives oxygen poor blood coming from body tissue via the major venous vessel. inferior and superior vena cave. Oxygen poor blood leaves the right atrium via the right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve) and enters the right ventricle

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19
Q

Describe the right ventricle

A

thick wall pump, to pump oxygen poor blood to lungs (pulmonary circuit). blood leaves RV, through the pulmonary semilunar valve, which moves towards the lungs through the pulmonary arteries. In the lungs the blood loses CO2 wastes and picks up oxygen, because oxygenated/rich

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20
Q

Describe the left atrium

A

O2 rich blood leaves long via the pulmonary veins, which bring the blood into the LA. Blood leaves the LA vis the left AV valve (bicuspid valve and enters LV

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21
Q

Describe the left ventricle

A

very thick wall pump, to pump blood to tissues of entire body (systemic circuit). Forms the apex point of the heart. Blood leaves the LV through the aortic semilunar valve and moves into the aorta. Oxygen is dropped off at the tissues, then O2 poor blood returns to RA.

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22
Q

This is the major artery that branches to serve all body parts

A

aorta

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23
Q

T/F: AV valves are always open, except when the ventricles are contracting

A

True

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24
Q

T/F Semilunar valves are always closed, except when the ventricles are contracting

A

true

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25
Describe the sound Lub (S1)
when av valves close and ventricles contract, longer lower pitch sound
26
Describe the sound Dup (S2)
when the semilunar valves close when ventricles relaxed, no longer pushing doors open with the contractile force of blood
27
Describe the sinoatrial node (SA)
upper posterior wall of the RA, pacemaker, initiates the heartbeat. sends a signal that travels slowly across RA to give enough time to signal to fully speed across LA
28
Describe the atrioventricular node (AV)
base of the RA near intertrial septum. When signal reaches AV node and has spread across both atria, atria are signaled to contracted
29
Describe the AV bundle and bundle branches
in interventricular system, signal travels from AV node down AV bundle and through AV bundle ranches towards the apex of the heart
30
Describe Purkinje Fibers
found in the myocardium, in the walls of ventricles. Impulse travels through these fibers, then stimulates ventricle walls to contact
31
What are the three parts of the ECG?
P wave, QRS, complex and t wave
32
this shows then electrical signals travel across the atria, which leads to atrial systole, first bump
P wave
33
this shows when the electrical signals are traveling across the ventricles which leads to ventricular systole, big spike, at the same time we see the resetting of electrical conditions in the atria, leads to atrial diastole
QRS complex
34
this shows resetting of electrical conditions in the ventricles, which leads to ventricular diastole, last bump
T wave
35
What is another name for contraction?
systole
36
what is another name for relaxtation
diastole
37
Describe Phase 1: Atrial Systole
atria is in systole, ventricles are in diastole, av valves are open, semilunar valves are closed, blood moves from atria into ventircles
38
Describe Phase 2: Ventricular Systole
atria are in diastole, ventricular are in systole, av valves are closed, semilunar valves are open, blood leaves ventricles
39
Describe Phase 3: Atrial and Ventricular Diastole
both atria and ventricles are in diastole, av valves are open, semilunar valves are closed, atria are filling with blood
40
this is how much blood is pumped by a ventricular in one minute
cardiac output
41
what term means your heart rate goes up?
sypathetic
42
what term means your heart rate goes down?
parasympathetic
43
What are the functions of blood vessels?
transports blood and its contents, carry out gas exchange, regulate BP and direct blood flow
44
What is the tunica intima?
inner layer
45
What is the tunica media?
middle layer, smooth muscle tissues
46
What is the tunica externa?
outer layer
47
what transports blood away from the heart and have strong walls?
arteries and arterioles
48
blood pressure is higher than pressure of tissue fluid, so water moves out of capillaries
arterial end of capillary
49
O2 and nutrients (glucose, amino acids) diffuse out of capillary, CO2 and other wastes diffuse into capillary
midsection capillary
50
due to water loss at arterial end, BP is now lower than pressure of the surround issue fluid, so water moves back into capillary, only 85% of water lost at arterial end returns to this end
venous end capillary
51
this is where nutrients and gases are exchanged
capillaries
52
these return blood to the heart
veins and venules
53
these are small veins that join to form larger ones
venules
54
these are present in veins to prevent backflow of blood
valves
55
the movement of blood through blood vessels from the heart to the body and back to the heart
circuilation
56
What happens during circulation?
blood flows fastest in arteries due to contraction of LV, blood flows most slowly in capillaries, blood flow increase as venules combine to form veins. Velocity of blood returning to the heart is still low compared to that of blood leaving the heart
57
the force of blood against blood vessel walls
blood pressure
58
Where is Bp the highest?
aorta
59
pressure in the arterial system averaged over time
mean atrial blood pressure (MABP)
60
the resistance to flow between blood and the walls of a blood vessel
peripheral resistance
61
this is in the medulla oblongata and regulates vasocontriction
vasomotor center
62
What happens if BP is low?
vasocontraction and increase HR
63
What happens if BP is to high?
vessels dilate and HR decreases
64
Explain hormonal regulation
adrenal medulla hormones increase HR and peripheral resistance, increasing BP
65
alternating expansion and recoil of arterial walls
pulse
66
pressure recorded when LV contracts
systolic pressure
67
pressure recorded when LV relaxes
diastolic pressure
68
right heart to lungs to left heart
pulmonary circut
69
left heart to body to right heart
systemic circuit
70
uses x-rays to visualize blood flow in vessels, often used for coronary arteries
angiography

Module 4: Chapter 13,1614 (3 decks)

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