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History of Psychology > Chapter 13 Content > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Content Flashcards

1
Q

Was it only a dream – what was the little boys dream?

A
  • Mother is carried into a room
  • People carrying her are not human-extremely tall, dressed in strange clothing, with bird-like faces
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2
Q

What is the superficial meaning and true meaning of Freuds little boy dream?

A
  • Superficial meaning: a little boy afraid of losing his mother
  • True meaning: symbolized the sexual longing of a seven-year-old boy for his mother
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3
Q

Fried believes in 3 great shows to the collective human ego, what are they?

A

Copernicus: Earth is not the center of the universe
Darwin: the theory of evolution
Freud: the influence of unconscious forces

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4
Q

Psychoanalysis was distinct from mainstream psychological thought in?

A

goals
subject matter
methods

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5
Q

What are the 4 antecedents influences on psychoanalysis?

A
  • philosophical speculations about unconscious psychological phenomena
  • early approaches about psychopathology
  • more humane treatments
  • evolutionary theory
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6
Q

What are the three philosophical speculations about unconscious psychological phenomena?

A

monadology : Leibnitz
threshold of consciousness : Herbart
mind is analogous : fechner

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7
Q

What is monadology?

A

Leibnitz’s theory of psychic entities, called monads, which are similar to perceptions

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8
Q

What is threshold of consciousness?

A

Herbart: theorizing of a threshold of consciousness; conflict develops among ideas as they struggle for conscious realization

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9
Q

What is “the mind is analogous”?

A

Fechner: suggested that the mind is analogous to an iceberg; had a great impact on Freud

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10
Q

What are the 4 early approaches about psychopathology?

A
  • babylonians
  • greek philosophers
  • christianity
  • 18th century
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11
Q

What were the babylonians approach to psychopathology?

A

believed mental illness caused by possession of demons; treated by magic/prayer

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12
Q

What were the greek philosophers approach to psychopathology?

A

believed mental illness arose from disordered thought processes; used persuasive healing powers of words

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13
Q

What were the Christians approach to psychopathology?

A

blames evil spirits; treated mental illness with severe punishment

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14
Q

What was the 18th century approach to psychopathology?

A

mental illness viewed as irrational behavior; treated by institutionalizing people

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15
Q

What were the 5 more humane treatments?

A
  • reforms in the treatment of mental illness
  • psychiatrists were divided into two camps; somatic and psychic
  • the Emmanuel movement
  • hypnosis used as therapeutic technique
  • physicians began to think of curing by treating mind instead of body
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16
Q

What is the Emmanuel movement?

A

offered talk therapy sessions for the mentally ill

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17
Q

Freuds thinking was strongly influenced by?

A

Darwin’s writings

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18
Q

Darwins writing include?

A
  • unconscious mental processes and conflicts
  • the significance of dreams
  • the hidden symbolism of certain behaviors
  • the importance of sexual arousal
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19
Q

Freud’s theory of children development was influenced by?

A

Darwins material about mental evolution in humans and animals

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20
Q

What are freud’s 4 adults personality characteristics?

A

self-confidence
ambition
desire for achievement
dreams of glory and fame

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21
Q

Freud experimented with which drug?

A

cocaine, which he believed to be a medicinal cure to ailments

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22
Q

What is the case of Anna O.?

A
  • Patient of Josef Breuer; discussed case with Freud
  • Suffered from severe hysterical complaints that including paralysis, memory loss, mental deterioration, nausea, and disturbances of vision and speech
  • Symptoms first appeared when she was nursing her dying father
  • During hypnosis: while hypnotized she would recall specific experiences that seemed to have given rise to certain symptoms
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23
Q

Freud observed Charcots use of?

A

hypnosis to treat hysteria

24
Q

Freud adopted Brier’s method of?

A

methods of hypnosis and catharsis to treat his patients

25
What is free association?
a psychotherapeutic technique in which the patient says whatever comes to mind
26
What did freud find using free association?
Freud found that his patients’ memories reached back to childhood; many of the repressed experiences they recalled concerned sexual issues
27
What did Freuds book on hysteria mark the beginning of?
to mark the formal beginning of psychoanalysis
28
Freud was convinced that sex was the sole cause of?
neurotic behavior
29
What is freud's child seduction theory?
- Freud believed most of his women patients reported traumatic sexual experiences in childhood, often involving family members - Later revised to suggest that the childhood seduction experiences his patients described were not real; they had not actually happened
30
Freud had a positivist belief that?
everything had a cause, including dreams
31
Freud attempts to analyze himself, yet cannot do so using?
free association
32
What is dream analysis?
a psychotherapeutic technique involving the interpretation of dreams to uncover unconscious conflict
33
What is the Freudian slip?
an act of forgetting or a lapse in speech that reflects unconscious motives or anxieties
34
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.
35
Based on Freud’s suggestion that unconscious ideas are struggling for?
expression and affect our thoughts and actions
36
Goal of therapy?
wean patients from this childlike dependency on the therapist and help them assume an adult role in their lives
37
Primary concern of therapy?
Primary concern was not to cure people but to explain the dynamics of human behavior
38
Patients often react in different ways in therapy, what are they?
Resistance Repression
39
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.
40
What are Instincts? what are the two main instincts?
mental representations of internal stimuli that motivate personality and behavior - Life instinct (libido) - Death instinct
41
What are the 4 levels of personality stated by freud?
Conscious versus unconscious Id Ego Superego
42
What is anxiety?
functions as a warning that the ego is being threatened
43
What are defense mechanisms?
behaviors that represent unconscious denials or distortions of reality but which are adopted to protect the ego against anxiety
44
what are psychosexual stages of personality development?
the developmental stages of childhood centering on erogenous zones
45
What was meant by freud influenced by mechanistic ideas?
- All mental events, even dreams, are predetermined - Nothing occurs by chance or free will
46
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.
47
What is psychology’s aim in Mechanism and Determinism in Freud’s System?
represent [mental] processes as quantitatively determined states of specifiable material particles
48
Mechanism and Determinism in Freud’s System remained true to the?
Remained true to the positivism and determinism that nurtured experimental psychology
49
Psychoanalysis very different from which psychology?
academic psychology
50
In the1930s-1940s, psychoanalysis captured the?
public attention
51
Popularity of psychoanalysis bring criticism from psychology, meaning?
Psychologists declared that psychoanalysis was inferior to a psychology based on experimentation
52
Research of greater validity was performed on Freud’s theories. Support was found for?
- characteristics of the oral and anal personality types - castration anxiety - the notion that dreams reflect emotional concerns - aspects of the Oedipus complex in boys
53
Research of greater validity was performed on Freud’s theories. no support was found for?
- symbolism of dreams - the Oedipus complex and male identification with father - women’s issues with body image, identity and superego - personality formation by age five
54
4 main criticisms of Psychoanalysis?
- Conclusions draw from case studies of patients (lacks validity and generalizability) - Data collection was unsystematic and uncontrolled - Freud may have used suggestion, or more coercive procedures, to elicit or implant such memories when no actual seduction had occurred - Small and unrepresentative sample of people
55
4 main contributions of Psychoanalysis?
- Psychoanalysis is based instead on an intuitive appearance of plausibility - Tremendous impact on popular culture and academic psychology - Led psychology to revise thinking about the contributing factors to mental illness - Freudian psychoanalysis became a vital force in modern psychology

History of Psychology (8 decks)

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