Chapter 13 Ecosystems

Question 0

Allelopathy

Answer 0

A form of competition involving the release of a chemical by one plant species that inhibits the growth of another species

Question 1

Allelochemicals

Answer 1

U substances produced in plants that prevent or limit damage by herbivores

Question 2

Autotrophs

Answer 2

Organisms that given a source of energy can produce their own food from simple inorganic substances also known as producers

Question 3

Camouflage

Answer 3

Structural method of protection against predators in which the appearance of the animal matches its surroundings

Question 4

Carnivores

Answer 4

Organisms that kill and eat other animals

Question 5

Cladodes

Answer 5

Fine green branches that carry out photosynthesis in plant species where leaves are reduced

Question 6

Climax community

Answer 6

Final stable community resulting from succession in a particular area

Question 7

Commensalism

Answer 7

Association between 2 different species

Question 8

Community

Answer 8

Biological unit consisting of all the populations living in a specific area in a specific time

Question 9

Competition

Answer 9

Interaction between individual of the same or different species using the same space and energy resources in a ecosystem

Question 10

Consumers

Answer 10

Organisms that obtain their energy and organic matter by eating or ingesting the organic matter of other organisms also termed heterotrophs

Question 11

Decomposers

Answer 11

Organisms such as fungi that can break down and absorb organic matter of dead organisms or their product

Question 12

Dessication

Answer 12

Drying out

Question 13

Detritroves

Answer 13

organisms that eat particles of organic matter found in soil and water

Question 14

Detritus

Answer 14

Fragments of organic material present in soil and water

Question 15

Diversity

Answer 15

Measure of species richness or the number of different species in a community

Question 16

Ecology

Answer 16

The study of communities in their habitats and the interactions between them and their environment

Question 17

Ecosystems

Answer 17

Biological units comprising the community living in a discrete region, the non living surroundings and the interactions occurring within the community and between the community and its surroundings

Question 18

Endoparasites

Answer 18

Organisms that live inside another organism and obtain food from it eg a tapeworm

Question 19

Exoparasites

Answer 19

Organisms such as fleas that live on the exterior of another organism and obtain food from it

Question 20

Haustoria

Answer 20

Thin strand of tissue through which a plant parasite makes connection with its host

Question 21

Hemiparisitism

Answer 21

From of paritism in which a parasite obtains some nutrients and water from its host plant but also makes some of its own through photosynthesis

Question 22

Herbivore plant relations

Answer 22

One of many more relationships existing between different species in a community this one being the interaction between plants and the animals that can eat them

Question 23

Heterotrophs

Answer 23

Organisms that ingest or absorb food in the form of organic material from their environment also known as consumers

Question 24

Holoparisitism

Answer 24

Form of parasite in which a plant parasite depends completely on its host for nutrients and water

Question 25

Host

Answer 25

Organisms on or in which a parasite lives

Question 26

Hydrothermal vents

Answer 26

Previous at the ocean depths where mineral laden super heated water escapes from the earts crust typically through a chimney composed of precipitated mineral deposits

Question 27

Inter specific competition

Answer 27

Competition for resources in an ecosystem involving members of different species

Question 28

Intra specific competition

Answer 28

It's competition for resources in an ecosystem involving members of the same species

Question 29

Lichens

Answer 29

S

Question 30

Littoral

Answer 30

Intertidal zone along a coast between high and low water marks

Question 31

Mid ocean ridges

Answer 31

Series of ridges and mounts located on the ocean floor

Question 32

Mimicry

Answer 32

A situation in which one species has an appearance similar to that of a different but distasteful species where that similarly apparently gives protection and predators

Question 33

Muatalism

Answer 33

An association between two different species in a community in which both gain some benefit

Question 34

Mycorrhiza

Answer 34

Fine threads formed by a fungus that for a large surface area for a large uptake of ingredients

Question 35

Niche overlap

Answer 35

Situation in an ecosystem in which different species are in competition for the same energy and space resources, niche overlap in ecosystems is normally zero

Question 36

Niche seperation

Answer 36

Situation in which two species in the community use different resources Such that the two species have no degree of niche overlap

Question 37

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

Answer 37

Bacteria able to convert nitrogen from the atmosphere into ammonium ions

Question 38

Omnivores

Answer 38

Organisms that eat both plants and animals

Question 39

Parasite

Answer 39

Organism that lives on or in another organism and feeds from it usually without killing it

Question 40

Parasite host relationship

Answer 40

Form of interaction within a community that involves one species the parasite living in or in another species the host typically without killing the host

Question 41

Parasitoids

Answer 41

Adult females of some wasps and fly species that are like parasites but that slowly kill their hosts

Question 42

Pheromones

Answer 42

Chemicals secreted by some animals to communicate with other memebers of the species, chemical messengers

Question 43

Photsynthesis

Answer 43

Process by which plants trap the radiant energy of sunlight and turn it into carbohydrates and carbon dioxide and water

Question 44

Pioneer species

Answer 44

first species to become established in a previously uncolonised habitat

Question 45

Population

Answer 45

Members of one species living in a specific habitat at a particular time

Question 46

Predator

Answer 46

Living animal that actively seeks out other animals as its source of food

Question 47

Predator prey relationship

Answer 47

A form of interaction within a community that involves the eating of one species the prey by another species the predator

Question 48

Prey

Answer 48

Living animal that is captured and eaten by the predator

Question 49

Primary succession

Answer 49

Ecological succession occurring in an area that was not previously colonised

Question 50

Producers

Answer 50

Photosynthetic organisms and chemo synthetic bacteria that given a source of energy can build organic matter from simple inorganic substances

Question 51

Secondary succession

Answer 51

Establishment over time of replacement communities in an area following an event that removes the original community

Question 52

Succession

Answer 52

Natural process by which the community living in an area changes over time

Question 53

Sulfur bacteria

Answer 53

One group of bacteria that gain energy by oxidising Sulfur compounds

Question 54

Symbiosis

Answer 54

Prolonged association between different species in a community in which at least one partner benefits including parasitism mutualism and commensalism

Question 55

Volatile

Answer 55

Refers to a chemical substance that vaporises at ambient temperatures and diffuses through the air

Question 56

Warning coloration

Answer 56

Bright colours of colour markings on a species that apparently signals to predators that the members of species contains distasteful chemicals