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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 13: Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

target cell

A

Cell with specific
receptors on which a hormone
exerts its effect.

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2
Q

paracrine

A

Type of
endocrine secretion in which the
hormone affects nearby cells.

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3
Q

autocrine

A

Hormone that
acts on the same cell that secreted
it.

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4
Q

exocrine gland

A

Gland
that secretes its products into a duct
or onto a body surface.

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5
Q

aldosterone

A

Adrenal
cortical hormone that regulates
sodium and potassium ion
concentrations and fluid volume.

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6
Q

negative feedback

A

A mechanism that restores a
biochemical or other balance
in which build up of a product
suppresses its synthesis.

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7
Q

tropic hormone

A

Hormone that has an endocrine

gland as its target tissue.

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8
Q

pituitary gland

A

Endocrine gland attached to the base
of the brain that consists of anterior
and posterior lobes; the hypophysis

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9
Q

growth hormone

A

Hormone released by the anterior
lobe of the pituitary gland that
promotes the growth of the
organism; GH

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10
Q

prolactin

A 
Hormone
secreted by the anterior pituitary
gland that stimulates the production
of milk in the mammary glands;
PRL.
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11
Q

thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

Hormone
secreted from the anterior pituitary
gland that controls secretion from
the thyroid gland; TSH.

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12
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

Hormone that the anterior pituitary
secretes to stimulate activity in the
adrenal cortex; ACTH.

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13
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone

A 
Substance
secreted by the anterior pituitary
gland to stimulate development of
an ovarian follicle in a female or
production of sperm cells in a male;
FSH.
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14
Q

luteinizing hormone

A 
A hormone that the
anterior pituitary secretes that
controls formation of the corpus
luteum in females and testosterone
secretion in males.
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15
Q

antidiuretic hormone

A

Hormone of the posterior
pituitary gland that enhances water
conservation in the kidneys; ADH,
vasopressin.

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16
Q

oxytocin

A 
Hormone
released by the posterior lobe of the
pituitary gland that contracts smooth
muscles in the uterus and mammary
glands.
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17
Q

thyroid gland

A

Endocrine
gland just below the larynx and in
front of the trachea that secretes
thyroid hormones.

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18
Q

isthmus

A

Narrow connection

between two larger parts.

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19
Q

thyroxine

A

Hormone

secreted by the thyroid gland; T4.

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20
Q

triiodothyronine

A

Type of thyroid hormone; T3.

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21
Q

calcitonin

A

Thyroid
hormone that regulates blood
calcium concentration.

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22
Q

parathyroid gland

A

One of four small
endocrine glands embedded in the
posterior part of the thyroid gland.

23
Q

adrenal gland

A

Endocrine gland on the superior

portion of each kidney.

24
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Inner part of the adrenal gland.

25
Q

adrenal cortex

A

Outer part of the adrenal gland.

26
Q

epinephrine

A

Hormone
the adrenal medulla secretes during
times of stress.

27
Q

norepinephrine

A

Neurotransmitter released from the

axons of some nerve fibers.

28
Q

renin-angiotensin system

A

An enzyme, renin,
that converts angiotensinogen to
angiotensin, ultimately stimulating
aldosterone secretion.

29
Q

Angiotensinogen

A

Liver serum globulin that renin

converts to angiotensin I.

30
Q

Angiotensin I

A

A peptide released when angiotensinogen

is decomposed.

31
Q

Angiotensin II

A

Vasoconstricting biochemical
released in response to reduced
blood flow to the kidneys, elevating
blood pressure.

32
Q

cortisol

A

Glucocorticoid

secreted by the adrenal cortex.

33
Q

pancreas

A

Glandular organ
in the abdominal cavity that secretes
hormones and digestive enzymes.

34
Q

glucagon

A

Hormone
secreted by the pancreatic islets that
releases glucose from glycogen.

35
Q

insulin

A

Hormone the
pancreatic islets secrete that stimulates
cells to take up glucose.

36
Q

somatostatin

A

Hormone secreted by the pancreatic
islets that inhibits the release of
growth hormone.

37
Q

melatonin

A

Hormone

that the pineal gland secretes.

38
Q

thymus

A

Glandular organ in
the mediastinum, behind the sternum
and between the lungs.

39
Q

Thymosins

A

Group of
peptides the thymus gland secretes
that increases production of certain
types of white blood cells.

40
Q

testis (pl. testes)

A

Primary male
reproductive organ; sperm cellproducing
organ

41
Q

Ovaries

A

Primary female
reproductive organ; an egg cellproducing
organ.

42
Q

Placenta

A

Structure that
attaches the fetus to the uterine wall,
delivering nutrients to and removing
wastes from the fetus.

43
Q

Stressor

A

Factor that can

stimulate a stress response.

44
Q

stress

A

Response to factors

perceived as life-threatening.

45
Q

Hormones released from: Anterior Pituitary Gland

A

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), FSH (follicle stimulating), GH (growth hormone), PRL (Prolactin)

46
Q

Hormones released from: Posterior Pituitary Gland

A

ADH (antidiuretic hormone), OT (oxytocin)

47
Q

Hormones released from: Thyroid Gland

A

Thyroxine (T4) Triiodothyronine (T3), Calcitonin

48
Q

Hormones released from: Adrenal Medulla

A

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

49
Q

Hormones released from: Adrenal Cortex

A

Cortisol, Aldosterone, Adrenal androgens and estrogens

50
Q

Hormones released from: Pancreas

A

glucagon, insulin, somatostatin

51
Q

Hormones released from: Pineal Gland

A

melatonin

52
Q

Hormones released from: Thymus

A

Thymosins

53
Q

Hormones released from: Ovaries, testes, placenta

A

estrogens, progesterone, testosterone,

Anatomy & Physiology (8 decks)

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