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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 17: Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 17: Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

alimentary canal

A

Tubular part of the digestive

tract from the mouth to the anus.

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2
Q

mucosa

A

Innermost layer of

the alimentary canal.

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3
Q

mucous membrane

A

Membrane that lines tubes and body
cavities that open to the outside of
the body.

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4
Q

lumen

A

Space in a tubular
structure such as a blood vessel or
intestine.

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5
Q

submucosa

A

Layer of
the alimentary canal underneath the
mucosa.

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6
Q

serosa

A

Outer covering of the

alimentary canal.

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7
Q

segmentation

A

Alternating contraction and
relaxation of circular muscle fi bers
that propels chyme through the
intestines.

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8
Q

peristalsis

A

Rhythmic
waves of muscular contraction in the
walls of certain tubular organs.

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9
Q

lingual frenulum

A

Fold of tissue that anchors the

tongue to the floor of the mouth.

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10
Q

palate

A

Roof of the mouth.

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11
Q

palatine

A

Pertaining to the

palate.

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12
Q

uvula

A

Fleshy portion of the
soft palate that hangs down above
the root of the tongue.

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13
Q

adenoids

A

The pharyngeal

tonsils in the nasopharynx.

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14
Q

mucus

A

Fluid secretion of

mucous cells.

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15
Q

parotid glands

A

Large salivary glands on the sides of
the face just in front and below the
ears.

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16
Q

sublingual

A

Beneath the

tongue.

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17
Q

oropharynx

A

Part of the
pharynx in the posterior to the oral
cavity.

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18
Q

laryngopharynx

A

Lower part of the pharynx near the

posterior to the lary

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19
Q

bolus

A

Mass of food passing

through the gastrointestinal tract.

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20
Q

esophagus

A

Tubular part
of the digestive tract between the
pharynx and the stomach.

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21
Q

lower esophageal sphincter

A 
Ring
of muscle, at the distal end of
the esophagus where it joins the
stomach, that prevents food from
re-entering the esophagus when the
stomach contracts; cardiac sphincter.
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22
Q

stomach

A

Digestive organ
between the esophagus and the
small intestine.

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23
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

Ring of muscle between the stomach
and the duodenum; controls food
entry into the duodenum.

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24
Q

gastric gland

A

Gland in the stomach wall that secretes

gastric juice.

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25
Q

gastric juice

A

Secretion of the gastric glands in the stomach.

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26
Q

pepsin

A

Protein-splitting enzyme that the gastric glands

secrete.

27
Q

intrinsic factor

A

Substance that gastric glands produce to promote absorption of
vitamin B12.

28
Q

cholecystokinin

A

Hormone the small intestine secretes
that stimulates release of pancreatic
juice from the pancreas and bile
from the gallbladder.

29
Q

enterogastric reflex

A

Inhibition of gastric (stomach) peristalsis and secretions

when food enters the small intestine.

30
Q

amylase

A

Enzyme that hydrolyzes polysaccharides.

31
Q

lipase

A

Fat-digesting enzyme.

32
Q

trypsin

A

Enzyme in pancreatic juice that breaks down protein

molecules.

33
Q

chymotrypsin

A

Protein splitting enzyme in pancreatic juice.

34
Q

carboxypeptidase

A

Protein-splitting enzyme in pancreatic juice.

35
Q

trypsinogen

A

Substance pancreatic cells secrete that is enzymatically cleaved to yield trypsin.

36
Q

nuclease

A

Enzyme that catalyzes decomposition of nucleic

acids.

37
Q

secretin

A

Hormone from the small intestine that stimulates the pancreas to release pancreatic juice.

38
Q

liver

A

Large, dark red organ in the upper part of the abdomen on the right side that detoxifies blood, stores glycogen and fat-soluble
vitamins and synthesizes proteins,
including clotting factors and
enzymes.

39
Q

hepatic sinusoid

A

Vascular channel in the liver.

40
Q

Kupffer cell

A

Large, fixed phagocyte in the liver that removes bacterial cells from the blood.

41
Q

hepatic

A

Pertaining to the liver.

42
Q

bile

A

Fluid secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.

43
Q

gallbladder

A

Saclike organ associated with the liver that

stores and concentrates bile.

44
Q

cystic duct

A

Tube that connects the gallbladder to the bile

duct.

45
Q

bile duct

A

Tube that transports bile from the cystic duct

and common hepatic duct to the duodenum.

46
Q

small intestine

A

Part of the digestive tract extending from
the stomach to the cecum; consisting
of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

47
Q

duodenum

A

First portion of the small intestine that leads from the stomach to the jejunum.

48
Q

jejunum

A

Part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum.

49
Q

mesentery

A

Fold of peritoneal membrane that attaches an abdominal organ to the abdominal wall.

50
Q

lacteal

A

Lymphatic capillary associated with a villus of the small intestine.

51
Q

peptidase

A

Enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of polypeptides.

52
Q

maltase

A

Enzyme that catalyzes breakdown of maltose into glucose.

53
Q

lactase

A

Enzyme that catalyzes breakdown of lactose into glucose and galactose.

54
Q

ileocecal sphincter

A

Ring of muscle fibers at the distal end of the ileum where it joins the cecum.

55
Q

appendix

A

Small, tubular appendage of lymphatic tissue that extends outward from the cecum; vermiform appendix.

56
Q

colon

A

Part of the large intestine.

57
Q

ascending colon

A

Portion of the large intestine that
passes upward on the right side of
the abdomen from the cecum to the
lower edge of the liver.

58
Q

transverse colon

A

Part of the large intestine that extends
across the abdomen from right to left
below the stomach.

59
Q

descending colon

A

Part of the large intestine that passes
downward along the left side of the
abdominal cavity to the brim of the
pelvis.

60
Q

sigmoid colon

A

S-shaped part of the large intestine between the descending colon and the rectum.

61
Q

rectum

A

Terminal end of the digestive tube between the sigmoid colon and the anus.

62
Q

anus

A

Inferior outlet of the digestive tube.

63
Q

feces

A

Material expelled from the digestive tract during defecation.

Anatomy & Physiology (8 decks)

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