Chapter 13 Expansion and Contraction of Empire P2

Question 1

When was Singapore captured?

Answer 1

February 1942

Question 2

Impact of the Japanese victory?

Answer 2

Ended the myth of white invincibility and gave confidence to nationalist movements

Question 3

Three key reasons for the withdrawal from India and the Middle East after WW2

Answer 3

Economic position
Labour government-Empire sceptical
Independence movements

Question 4

Policy in India during the inter-war years

Answer 4

“twin track strategy”

reforms and determination to make them work and a clear signal that resistance would be dealt with ruthlessly

Question 5

Example for British twin track strategy after the first World War?

Answer 5

Rowlatt Act 1919 - harsh powers to arrest and imprison everybody
Montagu/Chelmsford reforms - “dyarchy” system of partial self government

Question 6

How effective was Britain’s carrot and stick approach after WW1 in India?

Answer 6

NOT AT ALL, Amritsar Massacre 19’, Chauri Chaura Incident 22’ – nationalism grew

Question 7

Change and continuity in policy in India

Answer 7

CHANGE - retreated from former “divide and rule” policy playing on the divisions within the nationalist movements

CONTINUITY - gave little responsibility to Indian’s, reluctant to allow self rule
(Government of India Act 1935)

Question 8

Divisions in the Indian nationalist movement in the inter-war years?

Answer 8

All India Muslim League led by Jinnah wanted a separate Muslim state (Pakistan)

The Hindu Congress led by Ghandi wanted a united India

Question 9

India’s attitude to WW2

Answer 9

initially supported the war effort - emergence of the INA led to policy of repression towards the Indians- many leaders imprisoned such as Ghandi “Quit India campagin”

Question 10

Who did Churchill sent to grant India independence?

Answer 10

Sir Stafford Cripps, March 1942

Question 11

Three reasons for the withdrawal from India?

Answer 11

feared widespread violent resistance
activities of the INA meant that Indian army could not be relied upon
India was no longer a great market for British cotton

Question 12

Who was sent to finish Indian independence?

Answer 12

Lord Mountbatten - 15 August 1947

Question 13

Outcome of independence for India

Answer 13

Civil war caused by the partition of India
millions fled
at least a million died

Question 14

Burma’s independence and it’s significance

Answer 14

AFPFL led by Aung San
September 1946 - civil disobedience and ungovernability
December 1946 - Clement Attlee admitted Britain was not able nor willing to commit sufficient troops to reinstate British authority and Burma would become independent in 1948

Question 15

Deadlock in Palestine

Answer 15

massive increase in the number of jews immigrating to Palestine

Britain wanted to retain good connections with the Arabs however US pressure for Zionist homeland

Question 16

When did the British withdraw from Palestine?

Answer 16

In September 1947