Chapter 14 Colonial policy and administration Flashcards
(26 cards)
which system of limited self-government was established by Montagu and Chelmsford
dyarchy-a system of rule where power is divided between two centers of authority
Government of India Act 1919
- Viceroy retained control of major area like foreign policy and defense
- Legislative Council Council was spilt and 66% of it were to be elected
- Provincial councils run by elected Indian ministers took responsibility for health, education and agriculture
What was the Government of India Act viewed as?
Concessions to the nationalist - weaken their support
The Simon Concession 1929-1930
reviewing the India Act
- federal system of government to be created
- provinces be given more power
- defense, internal security and foreign affairs to remain in the hands of the Viceroy
The Round Table Conferences
First RTC 1930
Second RTC 1931
Ghandi was present at the second conference, no agreement was reached
The Government of India Act 1935
- making the provinces completely self-governing( Viceroy could suspend self government in emergencies)
- expanding the franchise from 7 to 35 million people
Why was the Government of India Act 1935 opposed by the Congress Party?
In which two categories were Britain’s colonies in Africa divided into?
Indirectly ruled colonies by local rulers - 1919 extended to League of Nations Mandates
directly ruled colonies where substantial numbers of Europeans had settled,
Examples for indirectly ruled colonies in Africa
British Togoland, British Cameroon, Tanganyika and South West Africa
Examples for directly ruled colonies
Southern Rhodesia and Kenya
Development of colonies under indirect British rule?
promotion of colonies economic and social development
- Sudan, 1920, 3m Gezira Cotton Scheme - major dam building and irrigation
- East Africa, 1925, 10m for rail and dock facilities
- West Africa, investments in schools and educational facilities
Evaluation of the developments of colonies under indirect rule?
limited, colonies were expected to be self-financing, eg major projects were tax financed
Colonial Development Act
1929, earmarked 1m for development projects across the Empire
Eval of Colonial Dev. Act
Colonies suffered from the Great Depression - dissatisfaction expressed in a wave of strikes by African workers in the copper mines of Northern Rhodesia
What caused first stirrings by African nationalists (Kikuyu) in Kenya
White minority dominated the legislative council, used influence to exclude natives, heavy taxation and deprivation of land
How did the British react to the nationalist stirrings in Kenya?
Devonshire Declaration 1923, stressed that interests of the Africans had to be respected
What efforts were made to unite Arabs and Jews in Palestine?
Civil government set up in 1920 under Herbert Samuel to reconcile the growing Jewish community with the Arab population
Developments in the administration of the British Mandate in Palestine?
1933, Nazi persecution in Germany increases flow of Jews into Palestine
1936, Britain sends 20,000 troops to deal with Arab riots
1937, Peel Report recommends partition of Palestine
1937-39, policy of repression to deal with violence - 100 Arabs hanged
1939, Jewish immigration was restricted
Why did the British intervene in Mesopotamia?
1920, Muslim demonstration turned into full scale revolt
When was limited self-control agreed?
Cairo Conference 1921, Britain retained control of military and foreign affairs,
Emergence of the Commonwealth
Aspirations of independence of dominons after successful WW1, worry that South Africa might abandon the Empire completely, full independence for Dominions but retaining a special relationship with Britain
Which Dec. brought up the idea of commonwealth
Balfour Declaration 1926
Statue of Westminster 1931
- certain Dominions should become fully independent
- seperation of the legislative of Britain and Dominions
Significance of the commonwealth
evidence of civilised nature of the BE, however can be seen as ways of ensuring British global influence without paying for it
