Chapter 14 Colonial policy and administration

Question 1

which system of limited self-government was established by Montagu and Chelmsford

Answer 1

dyarchy-a system of rule where power is divided between two centers of authority

Question 2

Government of India Act 1919

Answer 2

• Viceroy retained control of major area like foreign policy and defense
• Legislative Council Council was spilt and 66% of it were to be elected
• Provincial councils run by elected Indian ministers took responsibility for health, education and agriculture

Question 3

What was the Government of India Act viewed as?

Answer 3

Concessions to the nationalist - weaken their support

Question 4

The Simon Concession 1929-1930

Answer 4

reviewing the India Act

• federal system of government to be created
• provinces be given more power
• defense, internal security and foreign affairs to remain in the hands of the Viceroy

Question 5

The Round Table Conferences

Answer 5

First RTC 1930
Second RTC 1931
Ghandi was present at the second conference, no agreement was reached

Question 6

The Government of India Act 1935

Answer 6

• making the provinces completely self-governing( Viceroy could suspend self government in emergencies)
• expanding the franchise from 7 to 35 million people

Question 7

Why was the Government of India Act 1935 opposed by the Congress Party?

Question 8

In which two categories were Britain’s colonies in Africa divided into?

Answer 8

Indirectly ruled colonies by local rulers - 1919 extended to League of Nations Mandates
directly ruled colonies where substantial numbers of Europeans had settled,

Question 9

Examples for indirectly ruled colonies in Africa

Answer 9

British Togoland, British Cameroon, Tanganyika and South West Africa

Question 10

Examples for directly ruled colonies

Answer 10

Southern Rhodesia and Kenya

Question 11

Development of colonies under indirect British rule?

Answer 11

promotion of colonies economic and social development

• Sudan, 1920, 3m Gezira Cotton Scheme - major dam building and irrigation
• East Africa, 1925, 10m for rail and dock facilities
• West Africa, investments in schools and educational facilities

Question 12

Evaluation of the developments of colonies under indirect rule?

Answer 12

limited, colonies were expected to be self-financing, eg major projects were tax financed

Question 13

Colonial Development Act

Answer 13

1929, earmarked 1m for development projects across the Empire

Question 14

Eval of Colonial Dev. Act

Answer 14

Colonies suffered from the Great Depression - dissatisfaction expressed in a wave of strikes by African workers in the copper mines of Northern Rhodesia

Question 15

What caused first stirrings by African nationalists (Kikuyu) in Kenya

Answer 15

White minority dominated the legislative council, used influence to exclude natives, heavy taxation and deprivation of land

Question 16

How did the British react to the nationalist stirrings in Kenya?

Answer 16

Devonshire Declaration 1923, stressed that interests of the Africans had to be respected

Question 17

What efforts were made to unite Arabs and Jews in Palestine?

Answer 17

Civil government set up in 1920 under Herbert Samuel to reconcile the growing Jewish community with the Arab population

Question 18

Developments in the administration of the British Mandate in Palestine?

Answer 18

1933, Nazi persecution in Germany increases flow of Jews into Palestine
1936, Britain sends 20,000 troops to deal with Arab riots
1937, Peel Report recommends partition of Palestine
1937-39, policy of repression to deal with violence - 100 Arabs hanged
1939, Jewish immigration was restricted

Question 19

Why did the British intervene in Mesopotamia?

Answer 19

1920, Muslim demonstration turned into full scale revolt

Question 20

When was limited self-control agreed?

Answer 20

Cairo Conference 1921, Britain retained control of military and foreign affairs,

Question 21

Emergence of the Commonwealth

Answer 21

Aspirations of independence of dominons after successful WW1, worry that South Africa might abandon the Empire completely, full independence for Dominions but retaining a special relationship with Britain

Question 22

Which Dec. brought up the idea of commonwealth

Answer 22

Balfour Declaration 1926

Question 23

Statue of Westminster 1931

Answer 23

• certain Dominions should become fully independent

- seperation of the legislative of Britain and Dominions

Question 24

Significance of the commonwealth

Answer 24

evidence of civilised nature of the BE, however can be seen as ways of ensuring British global influence without paying for it

Question 25

Three problems of imperial defence

Answer 25

• economic difficulties (int. markets, Great Depression)
• aggressiv regimes in Europe and Asia
• nationalist independence movements

Question 26

Policy towards Germany and Italy late 1930’s

Answer 26

Appeasement to develop asian possessions, when Japan invaded Singapore in 1942 Britain’s forces were to overstreched to reinforce Singapore

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