Chapter 13: Nervous System Flashcards
1
Q
What is the function of the nervous system?
A
stores and processes information
stimulates movement
detects change
helps maintain homeostasis
2
Q
What are afferent receptors?
A
detect changes that take place in or outside the body and report them to brain
3
Q
Efferent receptors
A
brain’s response to afferent receptor message
causes effect in muscles and glands
4
Q
Somatic nervous system
A
under voluntary control
5
Q
Autonomic nervous system
A
involuntary control
6
Q
Two divisions of autonomic nervous system
A
sympathetic
parasympathetic
7
Q
Sympathetic
A
fight or flight
8
Q
Parasympathetic
A
rest and digest
9
Q
CNS
A
brain
spinal cord
10
Q
PNS
A
connects brain and spinal cord with receptors, muscles, glands etc allowing for detection and response to sensations
11
Q
Two cells of the nervous system
A
neurons
neuroglia
12
Q
Neurons
A
conduct impulses to and from nervous system
13
Q
Dendrites
A
transmit impulses to cell body
14
Q
Axon
A
carries impulses away from cell body
15
Q
Myelin sheath
A
allows for faster transmission of impulses
16
Q
Neurolemma
A
outermost layer of axon
17
Q
Neuroglia
A
supporting tissue cells of NS
provide support and protection
can be replaced, but entire axon cannot
18
Q
CSF
A
protection for brain and spinal cord
produced by ventricles and meninges
19
Q
Meninges
A
dura mater
arachnoid
pia mater
20
Q
Major structures of the brain
A
cerebrum
diencephalon
cerebellum
21
Q
Hypothalamus
A
communicates directly with pituitary
22
Q
Brainstem
A
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata
23
Q
Cerebral cortex
A
convoluted layer that covers both cranial hemispheres
24
Q
What is the frontal lobe associated with
A
personality
behavior
emotion
intellectual function
25
What are the temporal lobes associated with
hearing
| smell
26
What are the occipital lobes associated with
vision
27
What are the parietal lobes associated with
language
| general function of sensation
28
How many nerves are part of the spinal cord?
31
| all named after their place/region on the spinal cord
29
What are the regions of the spinal cord
```
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal
```
30
Sciatic nerve
two nerves bound together
| largest nerve in the body
31
Neuroglia along the sciatic nerve are called what
sciatica
32
Electroencephalography
recording and analysis of electrical activity in the brain
33
Electroencephalogram
report made from electroencephalography
34
What may be required to fromally diagnose brain death?
electroencephalography
35
What tests are used to assess structural changes of the brain and spinal cord
MRI
CT
scans using radioispotopes
36
CT is especially helpful in diagnosing what
brain tumors
| head injuries
37
Three types of hematoma
subdural
epidural
intracerebral
38
Subdural hematoma
accumulation of blood beneath the dura mater
39
Epidrual hematoma
accumulation of blood in epidural space (space outside the dura mater)
40
Intracerebral hematoma
bleeding within the brain
41
Cerebrovascular accident
normal blood supply to brain is disrupted
42
What does CVA result in?
insufficient oxygen due to hemorrhage, occlusion or constriction of blood vessels
43
What may occur after a CVA
paralysis
weakeness
speechdefect
death
44
Transient ischemic attaack
brief interruption of cerebral blood flow
45
What are the symptoms of TIA
vision disturbance
dizziness
weakness
numbness
46
Hydrocephalus
accumulation of fluid in the skull
47
What does hydrocephalus lead to
increased intracranial pressure
48
Cerebral aneurysm
localizaed dilation of the wall of cerebral artery
49
Arkinesia
complete or partial loss of muscle movement
50
Anesthesia
partial or complete loss of sensation with or without consciousness due to injury, disease, or doctoral administration
51
Aphagia
inability or refusal to swallow
| aversion to eating because swallowing is painful
52
Bradykinesia
abnormal slowness of movement or sluggishness of physical or mental processes
53
Brain tumor
neoplasm of intracranial portion of CNS
| may be primary or secondary
54
Cephalalgia
headache
55
Cerebral concussion
loss of consciousness (temporary or prolonged) due to blow to the head
56
Cerebral contusion
bruising of brain tissue
57
Cerebral hemorrhage
result of supture of sclerosed, diseased, or injured blood vessels
58
Cerebral palsy
brain disorder
paralysis, lack of coordination,
result of developmental defects or birth trauma
59
Coma
unconsciousness in which the patient can't be awakened from
60
Diplegia
paralysis that affects like parts on both sides of the body
61
Dyslexia
inability to read, write, or spell words despite ability to see and recognize letters
62
Dysphagia
difficulty swallowin
| due to obstruction or disorder of esophagus
63
Dysphasia
speech impairment caused by lesion in brain
| lack of coordination and failure to arrange words properly
64
Electromyography
prep, study, and interpretation of electromyogram
65
Electromyogram
graphic record of contraction of muscle following electrical stimulation
66
Encephalitis
inflammation of brain
67
Encephalocele
hernial protrusion of brain through congenital or traumatic opening
68
Encephalomalacia
softening of the brain
69
Encephalomeningitis
inflammation of the brain and meninges
70
Encephalopathy
any disease of the brain
71
Epilepsy
group of neurologic diseases characterized by convulsive seizures, loss of consciousness, sensory disturbances or all of the above
72
What is common in epiliepsy?
uncontrolled electrical discharge
73
Hemiplegia
paralysis of one side of the body
74
Hyperkinesia
abnormal increase in motor function or activity
75
Meningitis
inflammation of the meninges
76
Meningocele
herniation of the meninges via defect in skull or spinal cord
77
Multiple Sclerosis
chronic CNS disease with progressive destruction of myelin sheath, and resulting scar tissue interferes with normal nerve impulse
78
Myasthenia gravis
disease characterized by muscle weakness and excessive fatigue
79
Myelitis
inflammation of bone marrow or spinal cord
80
Myelography
radiographic image of spinal cord via injection of radiopaque substance
81
Narcolepsy
sleep attacks
82
Neuralgia
pain along course of nerve
83
Neuritis
inflammation of nerve
84
Neuropathy
disease of a nerve
85
Parkinson disease
chronic disease characterized by fine, slowly spreading tremore, muscular weakness, rigidity, and abnormal gait
86
Peripheral neuropathy
any functional or organic disorder of PNS
87
shingles
herpes zoster
| acute infectious eruption of vesicles along path of peripheral nerve
88
Psychosomatic
pertaining to mind-body relationship
| having physical symptoms of emotional origin
89
Neurodevelopmental disorders
impairments of growth and development of brain and CNS
90
Dementia
progressive mental disorder
| chronic personality disintegration, confusion, disorientation, deterioration of intellectual capacity and function
91
Alzheimer Disease
progressive mental deterioration with confusion, restlessness, speech disturbances, inability to carry out essential movements
92
Autism
withdrawal and impaired development in social interaction and communication
93
ADD and ADHD
short attention span, poor concentration and hyperactivity in ADHD
94
Hyperkinesia
hyperactivity
95
Neurosis
former name for disorders in which they are distressing to the person, reality testing intact, and behavior does not violate social norms
96
What are some examples of neurosis
```
anxiety
dissociation
mood disorders
sexual disorders
somatoform disorders
```
97
Anxiety disorders
anticipation of impending danger and dread
| source unknown
98
Psychobioligcal response
involves both mind and body
99
PTSD
acute emotional response following a traumatic event
100
Panic attack
acute anxiety episode that produces feeling of intense terror, dyspnea, dizziness, sweating, trembling, chest pains
101
Dissociative disorder
split in personality resulting in identity confusion
102
OCD
anxiety disorder characterized by obsession, consuming thoughts, feelings, or ideas, that interfere with normal daily life
103
Obsession
persistent thought or idea that cannot be reasoned
104
Compulsion
irresistible impulse
105
Phobias
obsessive, irrational fear
106
Anaorexia nervosa
eating disorder associated with emotional stress, characterized by prolonged refusal to eat which causes wasting, body image issues, phobia of becoming obese
107
Bulimia
insatiable desire for food, then excessive consumption, followed by purging
108
Mood disorder
disturbance in mood
| depression, mania, bipolar
109
Clinical depression
abnormal emotional state characterized by exaggerated feelings of sadness, despair discouragement etc
110
Mania
unstable emotional state that involves excessive excitement, elation etc
111
Megalomania
someone believes themself to be of great importance and power
112
Bipolar disorder
mental disorder characterized by manic episodes and then mahor depressive episodes
113
Sexual disorders
sexual instincts are expressed in ways that are not socially acceptable
114
Somatoform disorders
characterized by symptoms suggesting physical illness or disease for which there are no physiological dysfunction
115
Somatic symptom disorder
patients must have one or more chronic somatic symptoms that cause preoccupation or fear
116
Illness anxiety disorder
patients have heightened bodily sensations, anxiousness about possibly having disease, devote excessive time and energy to this, and may or may not have a medical condition
117
Neuroasthenia
often associated with depressive state, may be psychosomatic, weakness and nervous exhaustion
118
Psychosomatic disorders
emotional states that influence physical body's functioning
119
Pseudomania
false mental disorder
120
Pseudoplegia
hysterical paralysis
121
Psychosis
major mental disorder
gross impairment of reality testing
individual incorrectly evaluates accuracy of thoughts or preceptions
122
Schizophrenia
distortion of reality, hallucinations, disturbances of language and communication, disorganized and catatonic behavior
