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NURS 242 > Med Term - 12: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Med Term - 12: Integumentary System Flashcards

(107 cards)

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1
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

A

THINK DERMA
D vitamin synthesis
Elimination of waste via sweat
Regulation of temperature via sweat
Makes external stimuli available to brain
Acts as a barrier to moisture loss, microbes, UV light

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2
Q

Scleroprotein

A

Hard protein

Insoluble in most solvents

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3
Q

In embryology, dermatome means

A

Layer in embryonic development that gives rise to dermal layers of skin

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4
Q

In surgery, dermatome means

A

Instrument used to cut thin slices of skin for grafting

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5
Q

In anatomy, dermatome means

A

Skin surface area supplied by nerves

C, T, L, S

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6
Q

What are the accessory skin structures?

A

Hair
nails
Sebaceous glands
sweat glands

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7
Q

Another name for sweat glands are?

A

Sudoriferous glands

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8
Q

What is a skin lesion?

A

Any localized abnormality of the skin

also includes swelling, changes of shape

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9
Q

What is the benign skin lesion often found in older patients?

A

Seborrheic keratosis

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10
Q

What are the main structures of the skin?

A

epidermis

dermis

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11
Q

Characteristics of the epidermis

A

avascular

thin upper layer

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12
Q

Characteristics of the dermis

A

vascular
thick lower layer
hair follicles, nerves, glands, finger-like projections that create fingerprints

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13
Q

Characteristics of the very top layer of the epidermis?

A

dead
keratinized
sheds constantly

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14
Q

Keratin is also known as what type of protein?

A

scleroprotein

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15
Q

What causes the erection of hair on the skin?

A

pilomotor muscles

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16
Q

What is the origin of the skin in embryonic development?

A

ectoderm

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17
Q

What are the two types of lesions?

A

primary

secondary

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18
Q

Primary Lesion

A

initial reaction to an underlying problem that changes the structural components of the skin

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19
Q

Circumscribed lesion

A

lesion that is well defined

circle can be drawn around it

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20
Q

Verucca

A

benign warty skin caused by virus

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21
Q

What is the most common type of verucca?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

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22
Q

What are the two most common types of HSV?

A

HSV-1 = fever blisters

Herpes zoster = shingles

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23
Q

Cyst

A

sac filled with fluid or semisolid matter

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24
Q

Nodule

A

solid lesion more than 1 cm deep

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25
What is the difference between a cyst and a nodule?
cyst is fluid filled and a nodule is solid
26
Macule
nonraised discolored spot FRECKLE
27
Papule
raised lesion < 1 cm MOLE
28
What is the difference between a macule and a papule?
a macule is nonraised and discolored | papule is raised
29
Plaque
elevated circumscribed patches >1 cm in diameter
30
Vesicle
blister less than 1 cm
31
Bullae
blister more than 1 cm
32
What is the difference between a vesicle and a pustule?
vesicle is filled with clear fluid and a pustule is filled with pus
33
Pustule
vesicle filled with cloudy fluid or pus
34
What are the types of primary skin lesions? (9)
``` bullae vesicle pustule macule papule wheal plaque nodule cyst ```
35
Wheal
elevated irregularly shaped seen in urticaria / HIVES
36
Secondary Lesion
changes in appearance of primary lesion
37
What are the types of secondary lesions? (4)
atrophy ulcer fissure scales
38
Atrophy
thinning of skin | stretch marks
39
Ulcer
deep irregular erodes into dermis
40
Fissure
cracks in epidermis | athletes foot
41
Scales
dried pieces of shed epidermis | white, irregular in size and shape
42
What are the different types of injury to the skin? (6)
``` laceration incision puncture burn abrasion contusion ```
43
Laceration
torn, jagged wound
44
Incision
smooth, precisely cut wound
45
Puncture
wound made by piercing
46
Abrasion
skin is scraped or rubbed away by friction
47
Contusion
wound that doesn't break skin but causes swelling and discoloration BRUISE
48
What is the system that healthcare providers use to determine how much of the body was burned?
Rule of Nines
49
What are the percentages designated to each area of the body?
9% = head and each arm 18% - each leg and posterior/anterior trunk 1% = perineum
50
What are the 4 burn classifications?
superficial deep partial-thickness full-thickness deep full-thickness
51
Superficial burn
only epidermis | red, no blisters
52
Deep partial-thickness burn
part of dermis | red, moist blisters
53
Full-thickness burn
both epidermis and dermis, sometimes subcutaneous hard, dry, leathery white, deep red, black, brown, yellow coloring
54
Deep full-thickness burn
no skin layers remain, bone and muscle exposed
55
What are the different types of skin disorders? (24)
``` abscess albinism cellulitis contact dermatitis cyanosis dermatitis discoid lupus erythematosus frostbite furuncle hypopigmentation ichthyosis lipoma lyme disease malignant melanoma mycodermatitis necrosis pediculosis peterchiae psoriasis scabies scleroderma skin cancer urticaria xerosis ```
56
Abscess
cavity that contains pus
57
Albinism
congenital absence of normal pigmentation
58
Cellulitis
acute infection of skin and subcutaneous | redness, local heat, swelling
59
Contact dermatitis
skin rash from contact to irritant (poision ivy, nickel in jewelry etc)
60
Cyanosis
bluish discoloration of the skin
61
Dermatitis
inflammatory condition of skin
62
Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
chronic disorder characterized by lesions covered with scales
63
Frostbite
damage to skin, tissue, and blood vessels caused by prolonged exposure to cold
64
Furuncle
localized infection originating in follicle or gland pain, redness, swelling BOIL
65
Hypopigmentation
decreased tissue pigmentation
66
Ichthyosis
dry, scaling skin resembling fish skin
67
Lipoma
benign tumor composed of fat cells
68
Lyme disease
passed on from infected tick | red macule or papule appears and is followed by flu-like symptoms
69
Malignant melanoma
malignant tumors that start in the skin | contain melanocytes
70
Mycodermatitis
inflammation of skin caused by fungus
71
Necrosis
death of areas of damaged or diseased tissue surrounded by healthy tissue
72
Pediculosis
lice infestation
73
Petechiae
purple or red spots from hemorrhages
74
Psoriasis
chronic disorder | circumscribed patches covered by thick, scaly skin
75
Scabies
contagious dermatitis caused by itch mite
76
Scleroderma
chronic hardening/thickening of skin
77
Urticaria
HIVES
78
Xerosis
irritation of skin characterized by excessive dryness
79
What are the disorders of the accessory skin structures? (8)
``` acne vulgaris folliculitis hidradenitis onychomycosis onychopathy seborrhea seborrheic dermatitis trichosis ```
80
Acne vulgaris
skin condition that presents itself in blackheads, whiteheads, and pus-filled regions caused by hyperactive sebaceous glands
81
Folliculitis
inflammation of hair follicle
82
Hidradenitis
inflammation of sweat gland caused by occlusion of pores and bacterial infection
83
Onychomycosis
fungal condition of nail
84
Onychopathy
any disease of nail
85
Seborrhea
excess production of sebum
86
Seborrheic dermatitis
inflammatory condition that starts at scalp | DANDRUFF
87
Trichosis
any abnormal hair growth | baldness or excessive hair growth
88
What are some surgical and therapeutic skin interventions? (15)
``` wound irrigation liposuction transdermal drug use collagen injections topical medications antimicrobials antiperpirants biopsy cryosurgery curettage debridement dermabrasion electrolysis electrosurgery tattoo removal ```
89
Wound irrigation
flushing of open wound to cleanse and remove debris
90
Liposuction
removal of localized fat
91
Collagen injections
fills flattened areas of skin requires consisten treatment similar to BOTOX
92
Topical medications
applied to unbroken skin
93
Bacteriostatic
inhibits growth of bacteria
94
Bactericidal
kills bacteria
95
Asepsis
absence of infection
96
Sepsis
presence of infection
97
Transdermal drugs
administered to unbroken skin and is later absorbed into the bloodstream estrogen, nicotine
98
Antimicrobial
meds applied to broken skin to prevent infection
99
Antiperspirants
act against perspiration
100
Biopsy
removal of small piece of skin for microscopic examination
101
Cryosurgery
use of subfreezing temps to destroy tissue
102
Curettage
scraping of skin to remove abnormal tissue
103
Debridement
removal of foreign material or damaged tissue
104
Dermabrasion
revolving brushes used to treat superficial scars
105
Electrolysis
destruction via electric current
106
Electrosurgery
high-frequency electric current instruments used to destroy skin lesions
107
Tattoo Removal
either dermabrasion or laser removal

NURS 242 (6 decks)

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