Chapter 13 Pelagic Communities

Question 1

Pelagic organisms

Answer 1

Organisms Living in suspended seawater

Including plankton and Nekton

Question 2

Plankton

Answer 2

Drift of swim weakly

Question 3

Nekton

Answer 3

actively swim

Question 4

Phytoplankton

Answer 4

Autotrophic (primary producers)
foundation of trophi pyramid in open ocean
includes picoplankton and diatoms

Question 5

Photoplankton type= Picoplankton

Answer 5

very small
80% of photosynthesis in tropics
full micro ecosystem

Question 6

Photoplankton type =DIatoms

Answer 6

single celled organisims
porous glassy shells made of silica
form siliceous ooze
Polar waters and puget sound

Question 7

Photoplankton type dino flagellates

Answer 7

single celled autotrophs
have flagella
harmful algal blooms HAB (aka red tide)

Question 8

Photoplankton type coccolithophores

Answer 8

cingle celled autotrophs
made of calcium carboniate (caCO3)
make up calcareous ooze
found in temperate costal regions

Question 9

photoplankton production

Answer 9

produced near continents
High nutrient levels
* costal upwelling and runoff from land
limiting factors sunlight and nutrients (co2)

Question 10

Photoplankton production in tropics

Answer 10

limiting factors
**too much sun
**too much CO2
overall low production except in tropical reefs

Question 11

Photoplankton production in polar latitudes

Answer 11

winter limiting factor=less sunlight=low productivity
Summer=abundant nutrients high plankton blooms
still overal all lope productivity.

Question 12

Phytoplankton Productivity in N temprate waters

Answer 12

Dependable light and moderate nutrient
great overal production
spring bloom, summer low, fall bloom, winter low

Question 13

Zooplankton

Answer 13

Heterotrophic plankton (primary and secondary consumers) eaten by largest marine animals whale sharkes and baleen whales

Question 14

Zooplankton type macroplankton

Answer 14

large such as jellyfish

Question 15

Zooplankton type meroplankton

Answer 15

only concidered planktion in larval state. (juvenile stage) later become benthic or nektonic

Question 16

Zooplankton type Krill

Answer 16

shrimp like food for many types of see life

thumb sized

Question 17

Zooplankton type Foraminifera

Answer 17

Cingle celled heterotrophs
CaCO3 (calcium carbonate)
calcareous ooze

Question 18

Description of Squids and Nautiluses as nekton

Answer 18

nautilus coiled external shell
squid no exterlan shell
move with special fins or squirting h2o from body

Question 19

Chondrichthyes fish

Answer 19

have cartilage skeletons includes sharks
Most are small Bad rep, poor eyesight, low intelligence.
for prey: smell and feel vibrations. Large ones feed on zooplankton

Question 20

cartilage

Answer 20

strong elastic tissue that strengthens os supports

Question 21

Osteichthyes fish

Answer 21

fish with bone skeletons that are hard and light

occupy almost every aquatic habitat

Question 22

Marine reptiles

Answer 22

turtles snakes and lizards (crocodiles, iguanas)

ectothermic

Question 23

where is marine iguana live?

Answer 23

Galapagos Islands

Question 24

What is the evolutionary ancestry of sea birds?

Answer 24

evolved from fast running dinosaurs

Question 25

What are the characteristics of marine birds?

Answer 25

endothermic and have feathers that help flight and insulation true SEA BIRDSA get food from sea and avoid land except for breeding.

Question 26

Characteristics of Gulls

Answer 26

Scavengers that live close to land mostly in N hemisphere. live globally.

Question 27

Characteristics of Puffins

Answer 27

N hemisphere on rockies and cliffs | poor flight in sky buy great swimmers they swim in water live

Question 28

Characteristics of Cormorants

Answer 28

Dark slender birds, flightless species live near galapagos islands. Often drying wings.

Question 29

Characteristics of Boobies

Answer 29

Large narrow winged seabirds galapagos islands dive for fish

Question 30

Characteristics of of Frigate birds

Answer 30

large gliding, steal food, raid sea turtles, mating display is red throat pouch

Question 31

Characteristics of Tubenoses

Answer 31

aka albatrosses | best adapted for sea life have mating dance very aerodynamic

Question 32

Characteristics of Penguins

Answer 32

Flightless, adapted for extreme cold fr stubby legs, greasy feathers, fatty insulation, are large size feed fish zooplankton crustaceans and squid live in southern hemisphere

Question 33

Characteristics of Mammals

Answer 33

Endothermic, breather ais, give birth to young, nurse yound, hiar some form some time

Question 34

Marine mammals

Answer 34

Streamlined bodies and limbs, high metabolism conserves hear modified respiratory system, don't require fresh water 4 groups evolved independently from land.

Question 35

Cetacea

Answer 35

whales nostril on top of head front fins for steering blubber=insulation, buoyancy and store energy tail moves up and down for movement. born at sea

Question 36

suborder>catecea> Odontoceti

Answer 36

toothed whales & dolphins active predators subdue prey using teeth food fish and squid uses echolocation ex beluga & orca wale

Question 37

Suborder>catecea>Mysticeti

Answer 37

whales no teeth, Baleen filters zooplankton eat krill live in polar and subpolar waters largest creature ever the blue whale

Question 38

Baleen

Answer 38

horn like filters in a whales mouth for filtering zooplankton and krill

Question 39

echolocation

Answer 39

clicks and sounds like sonar to detect prey and and avoid obstacles

Question 40

Carnivora suborder pinnepedia

Answer 40

webfooded seals sea lions and walruses | leave ocean to mate and raise young

Question 41

carnivora>suborder pinnepedia>species>Seals

Answer 41

no external ears swim with rear flippers front steer to walk drag them selfs with front flippers

Question 42

carnivora>suborder pinnepedia>species>Sea lions

Answer 42

external ears swim with front flippers use rear flippers to steer able to walk on land

Question 43

carnivora>suborder pinnepedia>species>Walruses

Answer 43

Large arctic swim with rear flippers steer with front (like seals) endangered tusks

Question 44

carnivora>Suborder>Fissipedia

Answer 44

sea otters (split footed) playful heavy fur insulates and provides buoyancy oil is bad for fur hunted for pelts eat 1/4 body weight a day

Question 45

Sirenia

Answer 45

Large lethargic mammal live in temperate and tropical waters ONLY herbivorous marine mammal endangered protected by law

Question 46

Ursa

Answer 46

polar bears adapted to artic cold hunts floating on sea ice eats mostly seals no hibernate threats=GW and pollution .