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AP Psychology Terms > Chapter 13 - Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - Psychological Disorders Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

vulnerability-stress model

A

States that everyone has some degree of vulnerability to developing a given psychological disorder

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2
Q

vulnerability

A

a predisposition that can have a biological basis, such as our genotype, a brain malfunction, or a hormonal factor

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3
Q

stressor

A

situationsthat place demands on organisms that tax or exceed their resouces

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4
Q

abnormal behaviour

A

behavior that is personally distressful, personally disfuntional, and/or so culturally deviant that other people judge it to be innapropriate or maladaptive

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5
Q

reliability

A

in psychological testing
the consistency with which a measure assesses a given characteristic,
or different observers agree on a given score

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6
Q

validity

A

the extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to

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7
Q

insanity

A

a legal decision that a defendant was so severely impaired at the time a crime was committed that they were incapable of appreciating the wrongfulness of the act or of controlling their behaviour

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8
Q

anxiety disorders

A

a group of behaviour disorders in which anxiety and associated maladaptive behaviours are the core of the disturbance

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9
Q

phobias

A

strong and irrational fears of certain objects or situations

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10
Q

agoraphobia

A

a fear of open and public places

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11
Q

social phobias

A

excessive fear of situations in which a person might be evaluated and possibly embarrased

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12
Q

specific phobias

A

fear of dogs, snakes, spiders, airplanes, etc

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13
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

a chronic state of diffuse, or “free-floating”, anxiety that is not attached to specific situations or objects

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14
Q

panic disorders

A

anxiety disorder characterized by unpredictable panic attacks and a fear that another will occur; may result in agoraphobia

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15
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

an anxiety disorder characterized by persistent and unwanted thoughts and compulsive behaviours

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16
Q

obsession

A

repetitive and unwelcome thoughts, images, or impulses that invade consciousness, are often abhorrent to the person, and are very difficult to dismiss or control

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17
Q

compulsion

A

repetitive behavioral responses that can be resisted on with great difficulty

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18
Q

biological preparedness

A

the notion that evolutionary factors have produced an innate readiness to learn certain associations that have had survival implications in the past

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19
Q

neurotic anxiety

A

occurs when unacceptable impulses threaten to overwhelm the ego’s defenses and explode into action

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20
Q

culture-bound disorders

A

disorders that only occur in certain places

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21
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

an intense fear of being fat and severely restrict their food intake to the point of self starvation

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22
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

binge and purging because of a fear of being fat

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23
Q

mood disorders

A

maladaptive mood states, such as depression or mania

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24
Q

major depression

A

a mood disorder characterized by intense depression that interferes markedly with functioning

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25
dysthymia
a depressive mood disorder of moderate intensity that occurs over a long period of time but does not disrupt functioning as a major depression does
26
bipolar disorder
mood disorder in which intermittent mania appears against a background of depression
27
mania
a state of highly excited mood and behavior that is quite the opposite of depression
28
depressive cognitive triad
negative thoughts concerning: 1) the world 2) oneself 3) the future seems to pop into consciousness automatically
29
depressive attributional pattern
taking no credit for successes but blaming themselves for failure maintains
30
learned helplessness theory
depression occurs when people expect that bad events will occur and that there is nothing they can do to prevent or cope with them
31
somatoform disorders
involve physical complaints or disabilities that suggest a medical problem, but which have no known biological cause and are not produced by the person
32
hypochondriasis
people become alarmed about any physical symptom they detect, and are convinced that they have or are about to have a serious illness
33
pain disorder
experience intense pain that either is out of proportion to whatever medical condition they might have or for which no physical basis can be found
34
conversion disorder
serious neurological symptoms suddenly occur
35
dissociative disorders
disorders which involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory
36
psychogenic amnesia
a person responds to a stressful event with extensive but selective memory loss
37
psychogenic fugue
a more profound dissociative disorder in which a person loses all sense of personal identity, gives up their customary life, wanders to a new faraway location, and establishes a new identity
38
dissociative identity disorder (DID)
multiple personality disorder, two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person
39
trauma-dissociation theory
the development of new personalities occurs in response to severe stress
40
schizoprenia
a psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour
41
delusions
false beliefs that are sustained in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them
42
hallucinations
false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality
43
Subtypes of Schizoprenia
1) Paranoid type 2) Disorganized type 3) Catatonic type 4) Undifferentiated Type
44
Paranoid type of schizoprenia
delusional thinking and suspiciousness
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disorganized type
verbal incoherence, disordered thought processes, disorganized behaviour and inappropriate emotional responses
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catatonic type
alternating dazed states and agitate excitement during which the person can be quite dangerous
47
undifferentiated type
some of the symptoms of other types of schizophrenia but not enough to be placed in one category
48
Type I schizoprenia
characterized by a predominance of positive symptoms
49
positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, and disordered speech and thinking
50
Type II schizophrenia
characterized by negative symptoms
51
negative symptoms
an absence of normal reactions
52
dopamine hypothesis
the symptoms of schizophrenia - particularly positive symptoms - are produced by an over-activity of dopamine system in areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behaviour, and cognitive functioning
53
regression
a person retreats to an earlier and more secure stage of psychological development in the face of overwhelming anxiety
54
expressed emotion
high levels of criticism, hostility and over involvement
55
personality disorders
exhibit stable, inflexible and maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling and behaving
56
externalizing disorders
directed toward the environment in the form of behaviors that are disruptive and often aggressive
57
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
problems may take the form of attentional difficulties, hyperactivity-impulsivity, or a combination of two that results in impaired functioning
58
oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
consistently behave in a disobedient, defiant, and hostile manner that interferes with the child's functioning and interpersonal relationships
59
conduct disorder
violate important social norms and show disregard for the rights of others
60
internalizing disorders
involve maladaptive thoughts and emotions
61
dementia
the gradual loss of cognitive abilities that accompanies bran deterioration and interferes with normal functioning
62
Alzheimer's disease
leading cause of dementia in the elderly
63
Competency
A defendant state of mind at the time of judicial hearing. Not at the time The crime was committed
64
Suicide
Willful taking of someone's Own life

AP Psychology Terms (11 decks)

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