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Healthful Living > Chapter 13 pt.1 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 pt.1 Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

A

Disease of the heart and/or blood vessels

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2
Q

Ideal Cardiovascular Health (ICH)

A

The absence of clinical indicators of CVD and the presence of certain behavioral and health factor metrics.

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3
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

The organ system, consisting of the heart and blood vessels, that transports nutrients, oxygen, hormones, metabolic waste, and enzymes throughout the body.

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4
Q

Atria

A

The heart’s two upper chambers, which receive blood; singular: atrium.

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5
Q

Ventricles

A

The heart’s two lower chambers, which pump blood through the blood vessels.

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6
Q

Arteries

A

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart to other regions of the body

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7
Q

Arterioles

A

Branches of the arteries

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8
Q

Capillaries

A

Minute blood vessels that branch out from the arterioles and venules; their thin walls permit exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products among body cells.

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9
Q

Venules

A

Very small blood vessels that carry blood from capillary beds into larger veins.

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10
Q

Veins

A

Vessels that carry blood back to the heart from other regions of the body

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11
Q

Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)

A

A cluster of electrical pulse-generating cells that serves as a natural pacemaker for the heart

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12
Q

Hypertension

A

Sustained elevated blood pressure

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13
Q

Systolic Blood Pressure

A

The upper number in the fraction that measures blood pressure, indicating pressure on the walls of the arteries when the heart contracts

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14
Q

Diastolic Blood Pressure

A

The lower number in the fraction that measures blood pressure indication pressure on the walls of the arteries during relaxation phase of heart activity

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15
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

A general term for thickening and hardening of the arteries

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16
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A condition characterized by deposits of fatty substances (plaque) on the inner lining of an artery

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17
Q

Plaque

A

The buildup of deposits in the arteries

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18
Q

Ischemia

A

Reduced oxygen supply to a body part or organ

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19
Q

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

A

Atherosclerosis occurring in the lower extremities, such as in the feet, calves, or legs, or in the arms

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20
Q

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

A

A narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood to the heart

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21
Q

Myocardial infarction (MI)

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A

A blockage of normal blood supply to an area to the heart; also referred to as a heart attack

22
Q

Coronary Thrombosis

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A

Blood clot formation

23
Q

Thrombus

24
Q

Embolus

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A

A clot that has been dislodge and can move through the circulatory system

25
Arrhythmia
An irregularity in heartbeat
26
Fibrillation
A sporadic, quivering patter of heartbeat that results in extreme inefficiency in moving blood through the cardiovascular system
27
Preventricular Contractions (PVCs)
Premature heart beats in the ventricles
28
Angina Pectoris
Chest pain occurring as a result of reduced oxygen flow to the heart
29
Cardiomyopathy
The condition in which the heart muscle is damaged or overworked, becomes enlarged, and lacks the strength to keep blood circulating normally through the body
30
Congestive Heart Failure
An abnormal cardiovascular condition that reflects impaired cardiac pumping and blood flow; pooling blood leads to congestion in body tissues
31
Stroke
A condition that occurs when the brain is damaged by disrupted blood supply; also called cerebrovascular accident
32
Aneurysm
A weakened blood vessel that may bulge under pressure and, in severe cases, burst
33
Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs)
A brief interruption of the blood supply to the brain that causes only temporary impairment; often an indicator of impending major stroke.
34
Cardiometabolic Risk
Risk factors that affect both the cardiovascular system and the body's biochemical metabolic processes
35
Metabolic Syndrom (MetS)
A group of metabolic conditions occurring together that increase a person's risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes
36
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
A protein whose blood levels rise in response to inflammation
37
Homocysteine
An amino acid normally present in the blood that, when found at high levels, may be related to higher risk of cardiovascular disease
38
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
A record of the electrical activity of the heart; may be measured during a stress test
39
Angiography
A technique for examining blockages in heart arteries
40
Coronary Bypass Surgery
A surgical technique whereby a blood vessel taken from another part of the body is implanted to bypass a clogged coronary artery
41
Angioplasty
A technique in which a catheter with a balloon at the tip is inserted into a clogged artery; the balloon is inflated to flatten fatty deposits against artery walls, and a stent is typically inserted to keep the artery open
42
Thrombolysis
Injection of an agent to dissolve clots and restore some blood flow, thereby reducing the amount of tissue that dies from ischemia
43
Diabetes Mellitus
A group of disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels
44
Hyperglycemia
Elevated blood glucose level
45
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)
A form of diabetes mellitus in which the pancreas is not able to make insulin, and therefore blood glucose cannot enter the cells to be used for energy
46
Pancreas
The organ that secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine and hormones, including insulin, into the bloodstream
47
Insulin
A hormone secreted by the pancreas and required by body cells for the uptake and storage of glucose
48
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)
A form of diabetes mellitus in which the pancreas does not make enough insulin or the body is unable to use insulin correctly
49
Insulin Resistance
The situation in which body cells fail to respond to the effects of insulin; obesity increases the risk that cells will become insulin resistant
50
Prediabetes
The situation in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as diabetes
51
Gestational Diabetes
A form of diabetes mellitus in which women who have never had diabetes have high blood glucose levels during pregnancy
52
Estimated Average Glucose (eAG)
A1C test results that gives the average blood glucose levels for the testing period using the same units (milligrams per deciliter [mg/dL]) that patients are used to seeing in self-administered glucose tests

Healthful Living (9 decks)

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