Chapter 13: Skin, Hair and Nails

Question 1

outer layer of skin

Answer 1

epidermis

Question 2

underlying layer of skin

Answer 2

dermis

Question 3

fibrous protein that gives the epidermis its tough, protective qualities

Answer 3

keratin

Question 4

skin pigment

Answer 4

melanin

Question 5

connective tissue that lies below the epidermis; consists of collagen and elastic fibers

Answer 5

dermis

Question 6

loose connective tissue that stores approx. half of the bodys fat cells

Answer 6

subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

Question 7

produce a clear perspiration made up of water and salts; more numerous and more widely distributed

Answer 7

eccrine sweat glands

Question 8

produce a secretion made up of water, salt, protein and fatty acids

Answer 8

apocrine sweat glands

Question 9

produce sebum, oily secretion composted of fat and retain that is usually released into hair follicles

Answer 9

sebaceous glands (oil glands)

Question 10

thin, flexible, elongated fiber composed of dead, keratinizes that grow out in a columnar fashion

Answer 10

hair

Question 11

pale, fine, short strand, grows over the entire body except for lips, nipples and palms

Answer 11

vellus hair

Question 12

hair of eyebrows and scalp is darker, coarser and longer

Answer 12

terminal hair

Question 13

thin plates of kertanized epidermal cells the shield the distal ends of the fingers and toes

Answer 13

nails

Question 14

white, cheeselike structure of sebum and epidermal cells (pediatric)

Answer 14

vernix caseosa

Question 15

tiny white facial papules (pediatric)

Answer 15

milia

Question 16

gray, blue or purple spots in the sacral and buttocks area of newborns

Answer 16

Mongolion spots

Question 17

fine, downy hair of the newborn; replaced within a few months by vellus hair

Answer 17

lanugo

Question 18

hyper pigmented patches on face (70% of women)

Answer 18

chloasma or melasma

Question 19

dark line running from umbilicus to the pubic area

Answer 19

linea nigra

Question 20

liver spots; look like hyper pigmented freckles (geriatric)

Answer 20

senile lentigines

Question 21

small, bright red spots common in older adults

Answer 21

cherry angiomas

Question 22

flat, non palpable change in the skin color; smaller than 1cm (freckles, measles)

Answer 22

macule/patch

Question 23

elevated, solid palpable masses with circumscribed border; smaller than 0.5 cm (elevated moles, warts)

Answer 23

papule/plaque

Question 24

elevated, solid, hard or soft palpable mass extending deeper into dermis; smaller than 2cm

Answer 24

nodule/tumor

Question 25

elevated, fluid filled, round or oval shaped, palpable massed with thin, translucent walls and circumscribed borders; smaller than 0.5cm (herpes, chickenpox, small burn blister)

Answer 25

vesicle/bulla

Question 26

elevated, often reddish area with an irregular border caused by diffuse fluid in tissues; size varies (insect bites, hives)

Answer 26

wheal

Question 27

elevated, pus-filled vesicle or bulla with a circumscribed border; size varies (acne)

Answer 27

pustule

Question 28

elevated, encapsulated, fluid filled or semisolid mass originating in subQ tissue or dermis

Answer 28

cyst

Question 29

a transluscent, dry, paper like sometimes wrinkled skin surface resulting from thinning or wasting of the skin due to loss of collagen

Answer 29

atrophy

Question 30

wearing away of the superficial epidermis causing a moist, shallow depression; usually heal without scarring (Scratch marks, ruptured vesicles)

Answer 30

erosion

Question 31

a rough, thickened, hardened area of epidermis resulting from chronic irritation such as scratching or rubbing

Answer 31

lichenification

Question 32

shedding flakes of greasy, keratinized skin tissue. color may be white, gray or silver; texture may vary from fine to thick (dry skin, dandruff, eczema)

Answer 32

scales

Question 33

dry blood, serum or pus on the skin surface from burst vesicles or pustules; can be red-brown, orange or yellow; large crusts are called scabs

Answer 33

crust

Question 34

a deep, irregularly shaped area of skin loss extending into the dermis or subq tissue

Answer 34

ulcer

Question 35

a linear crack with sharp edges extending into the dermis

Answer 35

fissure

Question 36

flat, irregular area of connective tissue left after a lesion or wound has healed

Answer 36

scar

Question 37

elevated, irregular, darkened area of excess scar tissue caused by excessive collagen formation during healing that extends beyond the site of the original injury

Answer 37

keloid

Question 38

lesions with a circular shape

Answer 38

annular

Question 39

lesions that run together

Answer 39

confluent

Question 40

lesions that are separate and discrete

Answer 40

discrete

Question 41

lesions that appear in clusters

Answer 41

grouped

Question 42

lesions with concentric circles of color

Answer 42

target

Question 43

lesions that appear as a line

Answer 43

linear

Question 44

lesions that are circular but united

Answer 44

polycyclic

Question 45

lesions arranged in a linear manner along a nerve route

Answer 45

zosteriform

Question 46

fungal infection affecting the body, scalp or feet

Answer 46

tinea

Question 47

highly contagious viral disease that causes a rash of red to purple macule or papule that being on the face then progressed over the neck, trunk, arms and legs; do not blanch

Answer 47

measles

Question 48

mild infectious disease caused by primary infection with the varicella zoster virus that begins as groups of small, red, fluid filled vesicles usually on the trunk from which the rash progressed to the face, arms and leg

Answer 48

chickenpox (Varicella)

Question 49

chronic viral infection, progress from vesicle to pustules and then crusts

Answer 49

herpes simplex

Question 50

causes lesions on the lips and oral mucosa

Answer 50

HSV-1 oral

Question 51

causes lesions on penis, vagina, butt or anus

Answer 51

HSV-2 genital

Question 52

reactivation of the dormant varicella zoster virus, which typically invaded the body during attack of chickenpox; clusters of small vesicles form on the skin along the route of sensory nerves

Answer 52

herpes zoster (shingles)

Question 53

thickening of the skin in dry, silvery, scaly patches that occurs w/overproduction of skin cells resulting in buildup of cells faster than they can be shed

Answer 53

psoriasis

Question 54

internally provoked inflammation of the skin caused redden papule and vesicles that ooze and week and possible crust formation; scalp, face, elbows, knees

Answer 54

eczema

Question 55

inflammation of the skin due to an allergy of a substance that came in contact with the skin;

Answer 55

contact dermatitis

Question 56

bright red raised lesion about 2-10 cm that does not blanch and is usually present at birth or within a few months of birth; cluster of immature capillaries

Answer 56

hemangioma

Question 57

flat, irregularly shaped lesion ranging from pale red to deep purple-red; large flat mass of blood vessels on the skin surface

Answer 57

port-wine stain

Question 58

flat, irregularly shaped lesion of varying size with no pulsation; no blanching; release of blood from superficial vessels into surrounding tissue due to trauma

Answer 58

ecchymosis

Question 59

flat, red or purple rounded "freckles" approx 1-3mm; no blanch

Answer 59

petechiae

Question 60

flat, reddish-blue irregularly shaped extensive patches of varying size; bleeding disorders, scurvy

Answer 60

purpura

Question 61

raised, irregularly shaped lesion similar to an ecchymosis except that it elevated the skin and looks like a swelling; leakage of blood into the skin and subs tissue

Answer 61

hematoma

Question 62

begin as shiny papule that develop central ulcers w/rounded pearly edges and occurs most often on regions regular exposed to the sun; proliferation of the cells of the stratum basal into the dermis and subq tissue; most common but least malignant skin cancer

Answer 62

basal cell carcinoma

Question 63

reddened scaly papule then forms a shallow ulcer with a clear delineated elevated border; scalp, ears, back of hands

Answer 63

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 64

varied pigmentation and may be black, brown, blue or red often with irregular edges with notched borders; greater than 6mm; least common but most serious type of skin cancer

Answer 64

malignant melanoma

Question 65

painless soft, blue to purple, macular or papular and may resemble keloids or bruises; malignant tumor of the epidermis and internal epithelial tissues

Answer 65

kaposi's sarcoma

Question 66

yellow, white greasy scales on the scalp and forehead, similar to eczema; also called cradle cap

Answer 66

seborrhea

Question 67

highly contagious fungal disease that causes patchy hair loss on the head with skin pustules; transmitted from the soil, from animals or person to person; toddlers and school-age children; ringworm

Answer 67

tinea capitis

Question 68

sudden hair loss in a round balding patch on the scalp; no known cause

Answer 68

alopecia areata

Question 69

excess body hair in female on chest, face, stomach, arms and legs following the male pattern that is typically due to endocrine or metabolic dysfunction

Answer 69

hirsutism

Question 70

infections of hair follicles, appears as pustules with underlying erythema

Answer 70

folliculitis

Question 71

nails appear more complex and white; angle is greater than 160 degrees

Answer 71

nail clubbing