Chapter 17; Respiratory System

Question 1

regular, even rhythmic breathing

Answer 1

eupnea

Question 2

change in pattern of breathing producing shortness of breath or difficult breathing

Answer 2

dyspnea

Question 3

flat, elongated bone located in the midline of the anterior thoracic cage and consists of manubrium, the body and xiphoid process; commonly called the breast bone

Answer 3

sternum

Question 4

where the manubrium joins the body of the sternum; horizontal ridge is formed

Answer 4

angle of louis

Question 5

long, slender, curved bones that articulated w/the manubrium @ the medial aspect

Answer 5

clavicles

Question 6

group of bony landmarks used in the respiratory assessment; circle the body and help form horizontal reference points; 12 pairs

Answer 6

ribs

1st 7 that attach to the sternum are called true ribs

ribs 8-10 attach to the cartilage of the superior rib

ribs 11/12 are free floating

Question 7

located at the midline of the posterior portions of the thoracic cage; commonly called the spine

Answer 7

vertebral column

Question 8

5 imaginary vertical lines; sternal line, right and left midclavicular lines and the right and left anterior axillary lines

Answer 8

anterior thorax

Question 9

5 imaginary vertical lines , vertebral line, right/left scapular, posterior axillary

Answer 9

posterior thorax

Question 10

3 imaginary vertical lines, anterior/posterior axillary and mid-axillary lines

Answer 10

lateral thorax

Question 11

how many right and left lung lobes?

Answer 11

right = 3
left = 2

Question 12

congenital defect that results in a thin membrane that obstructs the nasal passages

Answer 12

choanal atresia

Question 13

congenital defects of the cartilage in the larynx and trachea; air ways easily collapse

Answer 13

laryngomalacia and tracheomalcia

Question 14

sound over trachea?

Answer 14

tracheal

harsh, high pitched

Question 15

sound next to trachea, superior to each clavicle and in the first intercostal space?

Answer 15

bronchial

loud, high pitched

Question 16

sound over major bronchi in the 2nd or 3rd intercostal spaces; between scapulae

Answer 16

bronchovesicular

medium loudness, medium pitch

Question 17

sound in remainder of lungs

Answer 17

vesicular

soft, low pitched

Question 18

high pitched, short, cracking

end inspiration, do not clear w/cough

Answer 18

fine crackles

Question 19

loud, moist, low pitched, bubbling

end inspiration, do not clear w/cough

Answer 19

coarse crackles

Question 20

high pitched, continuous

expiration/inspiration when severe

Answer 20

wheezes

Question 21

low pitched, continuous, snoring, rattling

expiration/inspiration; change/disappear w/cough

Answer 21

rhonchi

Question 22

lough, high pitched crowing heard w/o stethoscope

inspiration

Answer 22

stridor

Question 23

low-pitched grating, rubbing

inhalation/exhalation

Answer 23

friction rub

Question 24

rapid, shallow breathing

Answer 24

tachypnea

Question 25

slow, regular breathing

Answer 25

bradypnea

Question 26

rapid, deep breathing

Answer 26

hyperventilation

Question 27

irregular, shallow breathing

Answer 27

hypoventilation

Question 28

periods of deep breathing alternating w/periods of apnea

Answer 28

cheyne-strokes

Question 29

shallw, deep respirations w/periods of apnea

Answer 29

biots (ataxic)

Question 30

prolonged expiration

Answer 30

obstructive breathing

Question 31

elliptical shaped w/ a lateral diameter that is larger than the anteroposterior diameter in 2:1 ratio

Answer 31

normal adult

Question 32

adult portion by age 6

Answer 32

child

Question 33

rounded in shape w/equal lateral and anteroposterior diameters

Answer 33

infant

Question 34

anteroposterior diameter is equal to the lateral diameter and the ribs are horizontal

Answer 34

barrel chest

Question 35

depression of the sternum and adjacent costal cartilage; lower portion where the body of the sternum meets the xiphoid process

Answer 35

pectus excavatum (funnel chest)

Question 36

forward displacement of the sternum w/depression of the adjacent costal cartilage

Answer 36

pectus carinatum (pigeon chest)

Question 37

lateral curvature and rotation of the thoracic and lumber spine; deviation greater than 45 degrees may cause distortion of the lung

Answer 37

scoliosis

Question 38

exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic cage; associated w/aging; "hump back"

Answer 38

kyphosis

Question 39

chronic hyperactive condition wheezing diminished/absent breath sounds increased RR

Answer 39

ashtma

Question 40

collapse of alveoli decreased or absent breath sounds increased RR dullness to percussion

Answer 40

atelectasis

Question 41

inflammation of the trancheobronchal tree rhonchi wheezes

Answer 41

chronic bronchitis

Question 42

over-inflation and damage to alveoli barrel chest

Answer 42

emhysem

Question 43

infection of the alveoli ``` fever decreased o2 increased RR bronchial breath sounds crackles dullness to percussion over affected area ```

Answer 43

pneumonia

Question 44

fluid in pleural space diminished of absent breath sounds no voice transmission

Answer 44

pleural effusion

Question 45

complete collapse of lung diminished or absent breath sounds tracheal deviation to unaffected side

Answer 45

pneumothorax

Question 46

edema around alveoli ``` pulmonary congestion wheeze and cracked pallor decreased chest wall tracheal deviation to unaffected side ```

Answer 46

left heart failure/congestive heart failure

Question 47

respiratory fungal infection that occurs among populations in dry desert regions of central California, southern west US and Mexico ``` chest pain chills HA fatigue joint pain ```

Answer 47

valley fever

Question 48

ask patient to say 99 normal sound will be muffled if crackles, hear 99 in stethoscope

Answer 48

bronchophony

Question 49

ask patient to say E normal you will here E abnormal sounds like A

Answer 49

egophony

Question 50

ask patient to whisper 123 normal, you won't be able to hear it abnormal you will hear them saying 123

Answer 50

whispered pectriloquy