Chapter 14

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

a person’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.

Question 2

psychodynamic theories

Answer 2

human behavior is a dynamic interaction between the conscious and unconscious.

Question 3

according to Freud, the mind is made up of what?

Answer 3

conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.

Question 4

conscious

Answer 4

awareness

Question 5

preconscious

Answer 5

not in conscious awareness, but easily retrieved

(e.g memory)

Question 6

unconscious

Answer 6

unacceptable thoughts, feelings, and memories

Question 7

The three components of Freud’s personality theory?

Answer 7

Id, superego, and ego.

Question 8

Id

Answer 8

basic sexual and aggressive drives

all about me/instant gratification

Question 9

Superego

Answer 9

internalized ideals and standards for judgement

angel on shoulder

Question 10

ego

Answer 10

mediates demands of the id and superego

achieve goals/desires in a balanced way

Question 11

Freud’s 5 stages of personality development

Answer 11

1. oral
2. anal
3. phallic
4. latent
5. genital

Question 12

oral (1)

Answer 12

babies derive pleasure by putting things in their mouths

Question 13

oral fixation examples

Answer 13

sucking thumb, chewing gum, biting nails

Question 14

anal (2)

Answer 14

pleasure is derived from eliminating from bladder/bowels

Question 15

anal retentive

Answer 15

kids that hold in it when potty training or when told to go to the bathroom

Question 16

phallic (3)

Answer 16

derive pleasure from genitals

Question 17

oedipus complex

Answer 17

boys want to murder their father to have sex with mom

Question 18

Electra complex

Answer 18

girl wants to kill mom to sleep with father

Question 19

latent (4)

Answer 19

healthy period with no fixations or fixations have been suppressed.

Question 20

genital (5)

Answer 20

if there are no fixations on earlier sages, personality will not be affected.

Question 21

freud’s theory of defense mechanisms is conscious or unconscious?

Answer 21

unconscious

Question 22

repression

Answer 22

banish anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness.

Question 23

regression

Answer 23

retreat to an earlier more infantile state of development.

Question 24

reaction formation

Answer 24

ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses to their opposites.

Question 25

projection

Answer 25

disguise own threatening impulses by attributing them to others.

Question 26

rationalization

Answer 26

unconsciously generate self-justifying explanation to hide self from real reason of actions

Question 27

displacement

Answer 27

shift sexual/aggressive impulses toward more acceptable/less threatening objects

Question 28

sublimation

Answer 28

shift unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities.

Question 29

denial

Answer 29

refusal to accept true nature of threat

Question 30

psychodynamic theory (Freud)

Answer 30

the psychology of mental or emotional forces or processes developing especially in early childhood and their effects on behavior -Freud overestimated the influence of parental factors.

Question 31

trait

Answer 31

distinguished quality/characteristic

Question 32

personality is made up of _____.

Answer 32

traits

Question 33

Gordon Allport was interested in ____ not _____ behavior.

Answer 33

describing, not explaining.

Question 34

5 traits of Eysenk's personality dimensions

Answer 34

``` Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism ```

Question 35

Psychoanalytic theory

Answer 35

childhood sexuality/ unconscious motivations influence personality.

Question 36

humanistic theory

Answer 36

inner capacity for growth and self fulfillment

Question 37

trait theories

Answer 37

examines traits

Question 38

social cognitive theories

Answer 38

explore the interactions between traits and their social context

Question 39

defense mechanisms

Answer 39

tactics that reduce/redirect anxiety by distorting reality

Question 40

Neo-freudians put more emphasis on?

Answer 40

the conscious mind's role in interpreting experiences. AND they doubted that sex/aggression were all-consuming motivations.

Question 41

collective unconscious

Answer 41

a common reservoir of images derived from our species of universal experiences.

Question 42

Freud's main accepted idea:

Answer 42

Much of our mental life in unconscious.

Question 43

Freud's basic ideas:

Answer 43

the personality structures of id, ego, and superego; the importance of the unconscious; the childhood roots of personality; and the dynamics of anxiety and the defense mechanisms.

Question 44

false consensus effect

Answer 44

the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors.

Question 45

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Answer 45

projection test that provides a reliable map of people's implicit motivation

Question 46

Maslow proposed that we are motivated by ?

Answer 46

a hierarchy of needs

Question 47

self actualization

Answer 47

the process of fulfilling our potential

Question 48

self- transcendence

Answer 48

meaning, purpose, and identity beyond the self

Question 49

who did Maslow study?

Answer 49

healthy, creative people

Question 50

carl roger's person centered perspective?

Answer 50

Rogers’ person-centered perspective held that people are basically good and are endowed with self-actualizing tendencies.

Question 51

Roger's believed that a growth promoting social climate included?

Answer 51

acceptance, genuineness, empathy.

Question 52

Roger's and Maslow believed that a central part of personality's is?

Answer 52

one's self-concept: all the thoughts and feelings we have in response to the question, “Who am I?”

Question 53

What did Allport to that Freud did not do:

Answer 53

describe personality in terms of fundamental traits, or people’s characteristic behaviors and conscious motives

Question 54

Allport was more concerned about _____ individual traits, less about ____ them.

Answer 54

describing, explaining

Question 55

Isabel Briggs Myers

Answer 55

Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

Question 56

Myers Briggs test is a counseling and coaching tool, not a _____.

Answer 56

research tool

Question 57

How does our biology influence our personality?

Answer 57

Our genes influence the temperament and behavioral style that shape our personality. (twins have similar personality)

Question 58

Personality inventories

Answer 58

longer questionnaires covering a wide range of feelings and behaviors—assess several traits at once