Chapter 14 & 14 Exam

Question 1

________ is a repetitive behavior or mental act that an individual feels compelled to perform in response to an obsession.

Answer 1

A compulsion

Question 2

Which of the following is one definition of abnormal behavior?

Answer 2

behavior that is rare

Question 3

Gigi, who has schizophrenia, believes that she was sent by God to one day rule the world. Her belief is an example of a(n) ________.

Answer 3

delusion

Question 4

People who have a(n) ________ are afraid of being evaluated in some negative way by others, so they tend to avoid situations that can be embarrassing.

Answer 4

social anxiety disorder

Question 5

During his college years, Jacob often experienced episodes of intense fear accompanied by the physical sensations of a heart attack. Jacob might have experienced a ________ disorder while in college.

Answer 5

panic

Question 6

Linda is afraid of cats because, when she was a little girl, a cat scared her by jumping out of her closet and onto her face. As a result of this experience, Linda learned to be afraid of cats. Which model of abnormality offers the BEST explanation of Linda’s fear?

Answer 6

behavioral

Question 7

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) seems to be related to ________.

Answer 7

low levels of sunlight

Question 8

Which of the following reflect behavioral aspects of test anxiety?

Answer 8

procrastination, avoiding studying, or deficient study skills

Question 9

A team of investigators has found that persons suffering from depersonalization/derealization disorder show significant differences in ________ when different personalities are present.

Answer 9

PET scan and fMRI activity

Question 10

Padma is extremely confident and feels that lately she needs very little sleep. In addition, she reports that her thoughts seem to be going fast—similar to watching three television shows at once. Padma most likely is experiencing ________.

Answer 10

a manic episode

Question 11

Each of the following is a symptom of bulimia nervosa EXCEPT ________.

Answer 11

refusal to maintain body weight at or above minimal normal weight for age and height

Question 12

Which of the following is a symptom of acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder?

Answer 12

persistent reliving of the event

Question 13

According to the cognitive perspective, disordered behavior is the result of ________.

Answer 13

illogical thinking patterns

Question 14

As part of a fraternity initiation ritual, Saul is instructed to interrupt a school basketball game by running on the court naked while singing the nursery rhyme “Twinkle Twinkle Little Star.” If Sam complies with this ritual, his behavior would BEST illustrate ________.

Answer 14

social norm deviance

Question 15

Which statement is CORRECT concerning the cultural components of eating disorders?

Answer 15

Eating disorders are found in both Western and non-Western cultures.

Question 16

Antisocial, paranoid, and schizoid are all types of ________ disorders.

Answer 16

personality

Question 17

Masters and Johnson recommended a technique called ________ for the treatment of premature ejaculation.

Answer 17

sensate focus

Question 18

The most recent version of the DSM is the ________.

Answer 18

DSM-5

Question 19

Intruding thoughts that occur again and again are called ________. Repetitive, ritualistic behaviors are called ________.

Answer 19

obsessions; compulsions

Question 20

A dissociative state that involves sudden travel from home, sometimes taking on a new identity in the new place, and amnesia regarding the trip and one’s actual personal information is called ________.

Answer 20

dissociative fugue

Question 21

According to the behaviorists, disordered behavior is a result of ________.

Answer 21

a set of learned responses

Question 22

It is not unreasonable to assume that in ancient times, signs of mental illness were believed to be caused by ________.

Answer 22

demons

Question 23

Tara and Sarah are identical twins. If Tara has bipolar disorder, then Sarah has ________.

Answer 23

a 40–70% chance of developing a mood disorder

Question 24

Which of the following types of anxiety disorders is related to a history of shyness in childhood?

Answer 24

social anxiety disorder

Question 25

An eating disorder characterized by eating binges followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting is called ________.

Answer 25

bulimia

Question 26

Willamina is interested in helping her client get a clearer understanding of his motives and actions. She is most likely to be a(n) ________ therapist.

Answer 26

insight therapist

Question 27

Carl Rogers's person-centered approach is considered ________ because the client actually does all the real work with the therapist merely acting as a sounding board.

Answer 27

nondirective

Question 28

A ________ is a method of reinforcement that uses a formal written agreement in which the goals for behavioral change, reinforcements, and penalties are clearly stated.

Answer 28

contingency contract

Question 29

Dr. Stevenson, a therapist, states "I promote rational thinking to alleviate distressing feelings and behaviors." Dr. Stevenson is probably a ________ therapist.

Answer 29

cognitive

Question 30

Gestalt therapy was developed based on the work of ________.

Answer 30

Perls

Question 31

________ is credited with developing person-centered therapy.

Answer 31

Carl Rogers

Question 32

A physician prescribes a benzodiazepine drug to help alleviate your anxiety. Which drug might you be taking?

Answer 32

Xanax

Question 33

A patient scheduled to have an operation called a bilateral anterior cingulotomy may have which of the following diagnoses?

Answer 33

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 34

After many sessions of psychodynamic therapy, Dan at some point becomes reluctant to talk about a certain topic, by either changing the subject or becoming silent. Dan is experiencing ________.

Answer 34

resistance

Question 35

The strengthening of a response by following it with a pleasurable consequence or removing an unpleasant stimulus is called ________.

Answer 35

reinforcement

Question 36

Omar is currently undergoing psychoanalysis. His therapist asks him to keep a journal by his bed and write down his dreams immediately upon awakening. Omar brings his journal to therapy and discusses his dreams with his therapist. Omar's therapist is attempting to do which of the following?

Answer 36

uncover repressed material

Question 37

Cassie is diagnosed with severe depression. Her psychiatrist has prescribed many medications and psychotherapy, none of which have helped to alleviate her depression. Her psychiatrist is now recommending ________.

Answer 37

electroconvulsive therapy

Question 38

Gestalt therapy is considered ________, often confronting clients about the statements they have made. Instead of simply reflecting back clients' statements, a Gestalt therapist uses a number of planned experiences to help clients become more aware of their own feelings.

Answer 38

directive

Question 39

Which of the following is a basic goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy?

Answer 39

to help clients change irrational thoughts to rational thoughts

Question 40

Many psychological professionals today take a(n) ________ view of psychotherapy, in which they combine techniques from different theoretical models.

Answer 40

eclectic

Question 41

Which of the following individuals would be considered a good candidate for humanistic therapy?

Answer 41

Lou, who is seeking a career change

Question 42

________ therapies have had considerable success in treating bed-wetting, overeating, drug addictions, and phobic reactions.

Answer 42

Behavior

Question 43

The drug ________ is used to treat depression.

Answer 43

Prozac

Question 44

Researchers have found that about ________ percent of people feel that psychotherapy has helped them.

Answer 44

75 to 90

Question 45

Which type of therapy emphasizes the importance of an authentic and empathetic therapist?

Answer 45

person-centered

Question 46

Eye-movement desensitization reprocessing is primarily used for treatment of ________.

Answer 46

posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 47

The process of learning through the observation and imitation of others is called ________.

Answer 47

modeling

Question 48

Tien is an Asian male who is in the process of selecting a therapist. Which of the following therapists is Tien most likely to select?

Answer 48

Mason, a male therapist

Question 49

Your friend has applied to several medical schools. After receiving several rejection letters, she concludes that she is never going to amount to anything in life. Your friend is engaging in ________.

Answer 49

magnification

Question 50

A client lies on a couch with the therapist sitting out of sight behind the client. The therapist gets to know the client's problems through free association, resistance, and transference. This is an example of ________ therapy.

Answer 50

psychoanalytic