Chapter 14-15 Flashcards
(36 cards)
Character is a heritable feature that’s is different between each individual. For exam flower colour
What is characters in genetic hereditary?
Each variant for a character like purple vs white is called trait
What is traits?
It’s a self fertilized plant that each generation of the plant is exactly the same is previous generation. All have the same characters
What is true breeding?
Is the process where part of the true breeding plant is cut and brash the cut area with new true breeding plant and right before the plant is ready to reproduce. And take the seed of the the plant and regrow it again in the 3/1 ratio of both traits.
What is cross pollination?
What is the Allele? According to Mendel’s low.
1, alleles are different versions of genes that account for variations in inherited characters (molecular base).
How money allele off spring inherit? And what is homozygous and heterozygous?
Is for each characteristic the organisms inherits 2 alleles, one from each parent the alleles can be same or different.
1 identical alleles are called homozygous genotype.
2, heterozygous is genotype they had different alleles.
Where gene is located?
Locus is the position of Gene and it describes if it’s paternally or maternally inherited. And shows the characteristics of the pigment or anything your cross breeding.
What is domain and recessive effect on organisms?
Domain alleles that are different from the inherited pair. And it appears differently.
Recessive alleles has no effect on the organisms.
What is phenotype and genotype?
Phenotype is the appearance of traits.
Genotype is genetic makeup of the traits.
The same phenotype may determine by more then one genotype.
What is the low of segregation?
A sperm and egg inherit 2 each alleles for a character. Because each alleles separate or segregate from each other and it’s called low of segregation.
Homogeneous?
Having the same ratio. In cells we have homologous pair of chromosomes. Homologous has the same Gene at the same location. Sometimes it has same allele (homozygous)
Some times it has different allele then heterozygous).
What is Mendel’s product rule?
The product is 50,50%.
If it’s homologous but if it’s heterozygous it’s 75% dominant purple colour and 25% receive white colour
What is dihybrid?
Malting 2 plants that has 2 characters different at the same time. Like colour and shape.
What is pedigree?
Pedigree shows the inheritance of a trait in a family through multiple generations or all the history of mating that happened and pass it to the next generation in a family
What is the advantages of carrying?
Ex:The heterozygous recessive for sickle cell anemia u get protection against malaria.
1 being carrier won’t effect negatively and won’t remove the reproduction ability.
2 it give some times the advantages to product you from other diseases. ;)
What are the effects of incompatible dominance, coo-dominant and multiple alleles?
1,Incomplete dominant won’t completely hide the recessive alleles. It’s is intermittent phenotype( some trait is present some not)
2,coo-dominate, the effect of different alleles are equally detectable in heterozygous and 2 heterozygous are both expressed(blood type A and B)
3,Multiple alleles some organisms have more then 2 alleles of gene in the population.
Give example of incomplete dominant:
Incomplete dominant’s first generation is different then both parent but in F2 generation give 50% of f1 and 25% from each parents
Ex: red and white flowers give ya pink in first generation but in second generation in give red white and pink.
Co-dominant in blood:
Human ABO blood phenotype have 3 allele in single gene.
AB blood type is co-dominant.
Why knowing co-dominant in blood is important?
It’s very important to know the co-dominant blood type in term of blood transfusions. B.c your immune system produce antibodies that are attacked to the carbohydrates that you don’t have. For exam blood type A have antibodies to attack B blood carbohydrates. AB won’t produce any of them. Type o have against both.
What is the agglutination?
Agglutination is combining of some stuff to form a mass. For example if you give the a person wrong blood type it will form a mass called agglutination. Type A can take A,O and B can take from B,O and AB can get form any one
o can get get only form o
What is epistasis?
Epistasis is called gene interaction. So the activity of one gene influence the activity of another gene. For example there is 3 colour of Labrador dog yellow ,black and brown. Bc the hair colour is determined in one gene but there are 2 allele. Black is dominant and brown is recessive. Some pigment are blocked and it won’t get to the offspring and cause totally different colour.
What is polygenic inheritance?
A single character is influenced by several genes which single phenotype result from the additive effect of more then 2 genes. For example human skin colour. The phenotype are always in continuum and it shows the normal distribution. It can be skin colour or hight.
What is Pleiotropy?
Pleiotropy is when 1 gene influence multiple characters. For example sickle cell. Effect the hemoglobin in blood
What is sickle cell disease?
Sickle cell disease is caused by Pleiotropy that one gene influence several characters. And it’s it makes the blood hemoglobin abnormal and it crystallizes. Lowering the oxygen and and sticks together. And changed the shape of blood cell. And cell lose elasticity and cell may die it won’t push the capillary. And it’s single point mutation.
