Chapter 14 Flashcards
Plakatstil
- “Poster Style”
- The reductive, flat-color design school that emerged in Germany early in the 20th century; it employed flat background colors; large, simple images; and product names
Sachplakate
- “Object poster”
- Characterized by a simple, laconic, and sometimes hyper realistic approach
Mein Kampf
- “My struggle”
- Written by Adolf Hitler to set forth his political philosophy and political ambitions for Germany. He wrote that propaganda “should be popular and should adapt its intellectual level to the receptive ability of the least intellectual” citizens. Hitler was convinced that the more artistically designed posters used in Germany and Austria during WW1 were “wrongheaded,” and the slogans and popular illustrations of the Allies more effective
Swastika
The symbol adopted by Adolf Hitler for the Nazi party
Spanish Civil War
In 1936 the Spanish Civil Way arose out of tensions between liberal Republicans and conservative Nationalists. Leading up to 1936, the newly established Republican government gained popularity by promoting a liberal state through the development of a constitution, democratic elections, secular education, and agrarian reform. However, the military, the clergy, capitalists, and large Catholic population felt threatened by a government that was veering too far left. They united as Nationalists and sought to preserve Spain’s religious and feudal tradition. In 1936 they took over the government in a coup that marked the beginning of 3 years of violent civil war. The Nationalists eventually won and reinstated an authoritarian regime under Francisco Franco, who Reigned until his death in 1975
Art Deco
Popular geometric works of the 1920s and 1930s, which to some extent were an extension of art nouveau. It signified a major aesthetic sensibility in graphics, architecture, and product design during the decades between the two world wars. The influences of cubism, the Bauhaus, and the Vienna Secession commingled with De Stijl and suprematism, as well as a mania for Egyptian, Aztec, and Assyrian motifs and a passion for decoration
Zigzag line
A line with sharp turns of alternating directions
Armory Show
The 1913 art show in New York City that exposed Americans to modern art for the first time
James Pryde
- 1866-1941
- half of the Beggarstaffs advertising design studio duo, which invented the technique of collage
William Nicholson
- 1872-1949
- half of the Beggarstaffs advertising design studio duo, which invented the technique of collage.
Dudley Hardy
- 1866-1922
- instrumental in introducing the graphic pictorial qualities of the French poster to London billboards during the 1890s. Hardy developed an effective formula for theatrical poster work: lettering and figures appear against simple flat backgrounds.
Lucian Berhard
- 1883-1972
- This self-taught artist moved graphic communications one step further in the simplification and reduction of naturalism into a visual language of shape and sign by establishing an approach to poster design that employed flat color shapes, the product name, and product image (Figs. 14–8, 14–9 and 14–18). He repeated this approach, now called Plakatstil, over and over during the next two decades. In addition, he designed over three hundred packages for sixty-six products, using similar elementary graphics.
Hans Rudi Erdt
- 1883-1918
- applied the Plakatstil Bernhard formula—flat background color; large, simple image; and product name—in such work as his “Never Fail” and Opel motorcar posters
Julius Gipkens
- b.1883
- a self-taught graphic designer who worked in the Plakatstil. His fluid, linear drawing style imparted a nervous wiggle to both his lettering and illustrations and became his trademark
Julius Klinger
- 1876-1950
- a Swiss designer whose style veered from floral art nouveau toward decorative shapes of bright, clear color and concise, simple lettering (Figs. 14–13 and 14–14). His designs were less reductive than works by Bernhard and Erdt.
