Chapter 14

Question 1

Bureaucracy

Answer 1

A bureaucracy is the part of the government that makes sure laws are carried out and things get done. It’s made up of workers and offices that handle tasks like mail, taxes, and safety rules.

Question 2

Patronage

Answer 2

Patronage is when a politician gives jobs or favors to friends and supporters as a reward for helping them get elected

Question 3

Pendleton civil rights act

Answer 3

Passed in 1883, an act that created a federal civil service so that hiring and promotion would be based on merit rather than patronage.

Question 4

Civil service

Answer 4

A body of government employees who are hired and promoted through a system based on the merit principle and the desire to create a nonpartisan government service.

Question 5

Merit principle

Answer 5

The idea that hiring should be based on entrance exams and promotion ratings to produce administration by people with talent and skill.

Question 6

Independent executive agencies

Answer 6

The government agencies not accounted for by cabinet departments.
Their administrators are appointed by the president and serve at the president’s pleasure. NASA is an example.

Question 7

Administrative discretion

Answer 7

The authority of administrative actors to select among various responses to a given problem. Discretion is greatest when routines, or standard operating procedures, do not fit a case.

Question 8

Street level bureaucrats

Answer 8

A phrase referring to those bureaucrats who are in constant contact with the public and have considerable administrative discretion.

Question 9

Regulation

Answer 9

The use of governmental authority to control or change some practice in the private sector.

Question 10

Command and control policy

Answer 10

Command and control policy is when the government makes rules that people or businesses have to follow, and punishes them if they don’t.