Chapter 14

Question 1

Why did Mendel work with peas

Answer 1

inexpensive, easy to grow and a lot of babies

Question 2

Resesive trait shown if there are how many copies

Answer 2

there are 2 copies

Question 3

Dominant trait shown

Answer 3

no matter how many copies

Question 4

What is Homozigus

Answer 4

2 idential alleles. so BB or bb

Question 5

what is heterozygous

Answer 5

2 different alleles. so Bb

Question 6

what is Genotype and Phenotype

Answer 6

genotype is the genes where as phenotype is the physical apparance

Question 7

Mendel study what hypothesis

Ble…
Inh..

Answer 7

Blending inheritance hypothesis and inheritance of acquired characters

Question 8

Blending inheritance hypothesis

Answer 8

inherited a bit from mom and a bit form dad and you are in the middle.

White=Red … pink

Question 9

what is Inheritance of acquired characteristics hypothesis

Answer 9

either one or the other

White=Red … White or Red

Question 10

what is self fertilization

is it sexual reproduction

Answer 10

refers to the fusion of two gametes that come from one individual. Autogamy is predominantly observed in the form of self-pollination, a reproductive mechanism employed by many flowering plants.

Yes

Question 11

What is cross pollination

What were the pros

Answer 11

Polen from one flower to another flower to fertilize.

created more variability

Question 12

Mendel work with what…

they also varied in these characteristics

Answer 12

Worked with peas that difered in color, shape, texture, height,lenght

Question 13

what is a monohybrid cross

Answer 13

A monohybrid cross is a genetic cross focusing on one specific trait (or gene) where both parents are heterozygous (carrying two different alleles) for that trait

Question 13

What is a diploid in alleled … the letters

Answer 13

diploids have 2 copies of each chromosome. so eother BB Bb or bb

Question 14

What are pure lines

Answer 14

2 copy of the same allele. BB or bb

Question 15

why did Mendel mated 2 pure lines together

Answer 15

so he can see how they would differe in their traits

Question 16

what is autosomal

Answer 16

not sex linked. the other 22 chromosomes

Question 17

why do punit squares work for

Answer 17

to predict the next generation

Question 18

what is a reciprical cross. what does it do

Answer 18

do the same but backward.
to determine if a trait is autosomal or sex-linked, and to see if the parental sex influences the inheritance pattern of a trait.

Question 19

how many chromosomes do humans have

Answer 19

46. 2 pairs of 23

Question 20

What is the f1 ratio.

Answer 20

100% Heterozygous

Question 21

what is the Ratio in F2

Answer 21

ratio is 3-1

Question 22

a convo of alleles is called

Answer 22

genotype

Question 23

What is the principle of segregation

Answer 23

during the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells), the two alleles (versions of a gene) for a particular trait separate from each other, so that each gamete carries only one allele

Question 24

what is a dihybrid cross

Answer 24

mating 2 parents that are heterozygous for 2 traits

Question 25

what is the total of a dihybrid cross ratio

Answer 25

9;3;3;1 total 16

Question 26

Dependent and independent assortment.

Answer 26

independent is a trait that has no relationship to the chromosome. dependent is a trait that is on the same chromosome so the 2 alleles are inherited at the same time

Question 27

what is a testcoss

Answer 27

a genetic cross used to determine the genotype of an organism exhibiting a dominant phenotype by crossing it with an individual homozygous for the recessive trait, revealing whether the dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous. mated with someone of dominant phenotype Bb but unknown genotype

Question 28

what is the chromosome theory of inheritance

Answer 28

states that genes are located on chromosomes at particular locus

Question 29

what is a monohybrid cross

Answer 29

2 individuals that are both heterozugys for a single trait

Question 30

why are humans different mu

Answer 30

mutations

Question 31

which chromosome is larger

Answer 31

X chromosome

Question 31

what do we do to see if is autosomal or sex link

Answer 31

we do a resiprocal cross

Question 32

Codominance

Answer 32

Neither allele is dominant or recessive

Question 32

what is multiple allelism

Answer 32

more than 2 alleles so Blood. ABO

Question 32

Linkage or linked genes

Answer 32

genes inherited together because they were on the same chromosome.

Question 33

if a reciprocal test is different

Answer 33

it means it was sex link

Question 34

what does corssing over give you

Answer 34

a recombination. if genes are too far apart they are more likely to cross over

Question 35

AB+ is the universal

Answer 35

recipient

Question 36

what is a pheotropic gene

Answer 36

marfans so it attacks different things

Question 37

what are quantitative traits

Answer 37

qualitative traits are those that fall into distinct categories (e.g., black or red coat color), often determined by one or a few genes, while quantitative traits show continuous variation and are influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors like skin color, hair color, weight.

Question 38

what is used to learn the mode or transmission

Answer 38

pedigrees, reveal whether a phenotype is due to autosomal or sex link, dominant or recessive.

Question 39

What is the mode of transmission

Answer 39

either autosomal or sex link and the type of dominance

Question 40

what is a test cross

Answer 40

a test of recesive homogygus individual with dominant phenotipe but unknown genotype