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AP Human Geography > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

0
Q

What is the most important energy source worldwide?

A

Biomass fuel

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1
Q

Which 3 substances provide 5/6ths of the world’s energy?

A
  • oil
    • natural gas
    • coal
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2
Q

List three examples of biomass fuel.

A
  • wood
    • plant material
    • animal waste
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3
Q

Define fossil fuel.

A

The residue of plants and animals that were buried millions of years ago.

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4
Q

When will petroleum, natural gas, and coal be brokered at the current rate of consumption?

A

In about 50 years

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5
Q

What are the 2 major sources of global instability in the world?

A
  • unequal possession

- consumption of fossil fuels

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6
Q

Who are the top producers of coal?

A
  • China

- USA

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7
Q

Who are the top producers of petroleum?

A
  • Saudi Arabia

- Iran

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8
Q

Who are the top producers of natural gas?

A
  • Russia

- USA

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9
Q

How much of the world’s population is MDCs?

A

1/4

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10
Q

How much of the world’s energy are consumed by MDCs?

A

3/4

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11
Q

What are the 2 sharp regional differences in energy consumption that have geographic consequences?

A
  • LDCs are consuming much more energy as they promote development and cope with high population growth
    • Because MDCs consume more energy than they produce, they must import more fossil fuels from LDCs
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12
Q

What’s wrong with natural gas?

A
  • increases by 7% every year
    • hard to transport
    • reserves are in relatively inaccessible locations
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13
Q

What is wrong with coal?

A
  • air pollution
    • mine safety
    • land subsidence
    • economics
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14
Q

What is OPEC?

A
  • Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
    • formed in 1960
    • Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Qatar, Indonesia, Libya, UAE, Algeria, Nigeria, Ecuador, Angola
    • unify the petroleum policies and ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient, economic, and regular, supply, of oil to consumers
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15
Q

What is the advantage if nuclear power?

A

There is a large amount of energy released from a small amount of material

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16
Q

What are the disadvantages of nuclear power?

A
  • potential accidents from nuclear
    • radioactive waste from nuclear
    • no one wants it in their community
    • bomb material from nuclear, weapons and can terminate human civilizations
    • limited uranium services
    • very expensive
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17
Q

What are the 3 non-metallic resources?

A
  • rock and earthen material
    • fertilizer
    • gemstones
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18
Q

Define ferrous.

A

Alloys used in the production of iron steel

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19
Q

What’s so special about iron?

A

Humans began making tools out of iron in 2000 BC

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20
Q

Where is iron concentrated in?

A
  • China
    • Brazil
    • Australia
21
Q

What are the major importers for iron?

A
  • Western Europe

- Japan

22
Q

What are common non-ferrous metals?

A
  • aluminum
    • copper
    • lead
    • zinc
    • silver
    • gold
    • platinum
23
Q

Define air pollution.

A

Concentration of trace substances at a greater level that occurs in average air

24
What are the most common air pollutants?
- carbon monoxide - sulfur dioxide - nitrogen oxides - hydrocarbons - solid particles
25
What three human activities generate the most air pollution, and what gases do they emit?
- motor vehicles: carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons - industry: sulfur dioxide - power plants: sulfur dioxide
26
What is global warming?
When human actions cause Earth's temperature to rise
27
What has caused an increase in carbon dioxide I'm the air?
Increase of fossil fuel
28
What is greenhouse effect?
The anticipated increase in Earth's temperature caused by carbon dioxide trapping some of the radiation emitted by the surface
29
What are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) doing to the atmosphere?
- polluting | - breaking down Earth's protective layer
30
How does acid precipitation affect the water and land?
- by damaging lakes, and killing fish and plants | - by depriving nutrients from plants
31
Where does acid precipitation occur most in the United States?
Eastern lakes
32
Describe the situations going on in Eastern Europe and Russia.
Policies encourage factories and power plants to not use pollution controlled devices
33
Why are urban areas the most populated regions?
- b/c of the large number of factories, motor vehicles, and other pollutants - particles (dust and smoke)
34
How does carbon monoxide harm us?
It reduces the level of oxygen in blood
35
How do hydrocarbons harm us?
They cause respiratory problems
36
How do particles harm us?
They cause a dark plume of smoke
37
How does the weather affect air pollutants?
When it's windy the wind disperses pollutants
38
Why is Denver the worst city in the US for concentrations of carbon monoxide and particles?
B/c the Rocky Mountains trap the gases and makes a permanent temperature.
39
Name two cities where there is severe air pollution and their reasons being.
Santiago - burning diesel fuel | Mexico City - dust from dirty streets
40
How does water-using industries due water?
They use water when making steel, chemicals, paper products, and food processing
41
How does municipal sewage use water?
Not all pollutants are removed from the water
42
How does agriculture use water?
By fertilizers and pesticide sprays that get carried into the lakes and rivers
43
How does biochemical oxygen demand affect aquatic life?
The oxygen consumed by the decomposing organic waste
44
How does DDT affect aquatic life?
Salmon becomes unfit to eat
45
How do factories and power plants affect aquatic life?
The fish aren't able to adapt to the warmer water
46
What is the difference between MDCs and LDCs in the way of water treatment?
Usually MDCs have more sewer systems to clean the water
47
How much solid waste per person gets recycled?
50%
48
What are the two ways of disposing solid waste and what is wrong with these methods?
- sanitary landfills: more pollutants are dispersed into the air - incineration: releases some toxins into the air
49
Why is disposing hazardous waste difficult?
Because they include heavy metals

AP Human Geography (5 decks)

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