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FF Strat & Tactics Enhanced 3rd Edit > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

According to the criteria set by the NFPA, it can be defined as a structure where large groups of people gather

A

Place of assembly

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2
Q

Place of assembly:

Most building codes and NFPA 101 life safety code use a minimum occupancy Load of_______

A

50

With the understanding that population densities may be as little as 5 ft.² or less per person

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3
Q

Places of assembly:

If the occupancy has the same designated use but has a load of fewer than 50 people, then it falls under a different occupancy category, such as________

A

Business

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4
Q

Places of assembly:

The most important factor to consider in these structures is?

A

Life safety

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5
Q

Places of assembly:

______ is another MAJOR factor affecting life safety in assembly occupancy fires

A

Smoke

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6
Q

Places of assembly:

Another INHERENT DANGER of these occupancies is the lack of _____ and _____ that patrons have with a building.

A

Experience and familiarity

They tend to exit using the same route they used to enter facility

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7
Q

Places of assembly:

Due to the nature of these hazards, the loss of human life will most likely have occurred before the?

A

Fire department arrived

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8
Q

The strategic goals for responding to places of assembly buyers may vary depending on the?

A

Time of day

AND

Activity involved

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9
Q

A MAJOR CONCERN at fire events involving assembly occupancies is the apparatus ability to access the fire building’s?

A

Driveways and parking areas

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10
Q

FF Safety:

__________ Is a significant firefighter safety issue at any occupancy

A

Personnel accountability

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11
Q

FF Safety:

______ Is a critical component of firefighter safety in assembly occupancy fires

A

Firefighter accountability

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12
Q

FF Safety:

Another important firefighter safety issue is the establishment of____at specific locations

A

RIC

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13
Q

FF Safety:

When large buildings and many potential victims are involved, it behooves the IC to assign all personnel quickly to activate life safety or fire control roles. Such a scenario should not prevent the implementation of RICs at ________?

A

Every entry point

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14
Q

S & R:

Most modern places of assembly are designed to enhance?

A

Occupant evacuation

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15
Q

S & R:

Assignments should be broken down __________ according to the building layout to ensure efforts are efficient and no building areas are missed

A

Geographically

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16
Q

Evacuation:

The methods of evacuating occupants, safe refuge areas, accountability methods, and other concerns for life safety must be established during?

A

Pre-incident planning

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17
Q

Evacuation:

Firefighters should take control of elevator systems. This prevents ________ from using elevators as a means of escape

A

Occupants

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18
Q

Evacuation:

This allows directions to be given to everyone at the same time. However, firefighters should not assume that everyone will pay attention or follow the directions

A

The public address system.

It can be used to direct both occupants and firefighting forces

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19
Q

Confinement:

In many cases,____conditions make it difficult to find the exact location of the fire

A

Smoke conditions

There are some cases however, in which smoke may lead the firefighters to the fire origin

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20
Q

Confinement:

Firefighting companies should not commit hose lines until?

A

The fire is located

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21
Q

Confinement:

Once the fire is located, the goal is to confine the fire to the room or area of origin. This can initially be accomplished by?

A

Closing doors to slow the fires progress until hose lines of sufficient flow can be properly positioned

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22
Q

Extinguishment :

Generally, the most practical way to get hose lines to the fire is to use the?

A

Standpipe system

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23
Q

Ventilation:

The______system can redirect the smoke away from the fire origin, giving firefighters a false impression of the fire location during initial size up

A

HvAC

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24
Q

Ventilation:

HVAC- It is important to have the facilities maintenance personnel meet with____a designated locations

A

Command

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25
Q

Overhaul:

The type of______used in the assembly occupancy largely dictates overhaul operations

A

Construction

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26
Q

Overhaul:

Places of assembly can have unique designs such as Domes or cathedral type roofs. Therefore, how a fire behaves in these types of structures will determine the_____for overhaul

A

Proper areas

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27
Q

It is important to pre-plan these facilities and to add them to the departments target hazard list, as they may require more than the average first alarm assignment

A

Places of worship

28
Q

This is a common concern among places of worship

A

Life safety

29
Q

Place of worship:

A SECOND and COMMON fire hazard in these structures is they often have?

A

Open avenues for quick fire spread

30
Q

Place of worship:

FF Safety:
To alleviate this concern, hose lines or lifelines should be used to aid in egress

A

There is a great potential to get lost in a smoke-filled structure.

Putting firefighters in a smoke-filled structure of this type is extremely dangerous

31
Q

Places of worship:

FFsafety: Early and total collapse of sections such as______is a concern even when the section is isolated from the main body of the fire

A

Steeples

In addition, early signs of collapse may not be detectable because the structures height shape and location

32
Q

Places of worship:

FF Safety: ________ into a building could seriously jeopardize the firefighters ability to evacuate safely, and movement throughout this type of occupancy can be difficult.

A

Deep penetration

33
Q

Places of Worship:

S & R- occupants who were able to evacuate may know where people were located inside the building before the fire started. They may have knowledge of additional or alternate?

A

Exits

34
Q

Places of worship:

Evacuation: At The first sign of______, the icy must evacuate all firefighters and establish appropriate collapse zones

A

Structural instability

  • The entire facility should be evaluated early in the incident to determine evacuation needs. If the structures located close to other structures, they also must be evacuated
35
Q

Places of worship: downtown areas

The structures on either side and the rear often become involved. If roof collapse occurs, large firebrands can become airborne and land on the roofs of buildings close by

A

No answer

36
Q

Places of worship: rural areas

Exposure:
The IC may need to address___set by radiant heat or flying brands

A

Wild land fires

37
Q

Places of worship:

Confinement- depending on initial observations, Crews may have to position their apparatus for an interior tack while also remaining capable of employing _________ if the operation becomes defensive

A

Master streams

38
Q

Places of worship:

Confinement- _____________ have the versatility of attacking fire through windows and reaching the highest points of the structure where heat has accumulated

A

Elevated streams

39
Q

Places of worship:

Extinguishment- it is not wrong to have first alarm companies setting up for offensive operations while second alarm companies prepare for defensive operations. If the interior operations become untenable, the IC must be ready for a defensive operation as soon as?

A

Personnel accounting is complete

40
Q

Places of worship:

Extinguishment- when suppressing fires in these structures, it is preferable to use large lines that allow?

A

Greater penetration and flow

41
Q

Places of worship:

Ventilation- places of worship often have very steep and or irregularly shaped roofs, making it very difficult to vertically ventilate. In some cases, the building and roof design eliminates the option of using?

A

Vertical ventilation all together

42
Q

Places of worship:

Before any overhaul is considered, a thorough inspection of the structural integrity of the building must be completed

A

The overall process in these types of occupancy is can be a lengthy one

43
Q

Places of worship:

Salvage- Before beginning salvage operations, determine a safe location to which the items can be moved. The fewer items that are handled, the better

A

.

44
Q

Exhibit halls:

FFsafety- _______ There’s always a very important concern in these type of structures

A

Accountability

45
Q

Exhibit hall:

FFsafety: the IC Must divide the fire ground into manageable areas and establish appropriate?

A

Collapse zones

46
Q

Exhibit halls:

S & R - in some cases,___or___prevent firefighters conducting primary searches from moving deep into the structure to search the building thoroughly

A

Fire conditions or loading

47
Q

Exhibit halls:

S & R- Instead, Initial search and rescue operations focus on the removal of victims found?

A

In and around exit doors

48
Q

Exhibit halls:

S & R - if the search team is searching wide areas without a hose line, rope should be used as a?

A

Tag line

49
Q

Exhibit halls:

Confinement- exhibit hall employees may have been trained in fire response as an industrial fire brigade does. Using interior standpipe and fire hoses these personnel can help confine a fire in its ______.

A

Early stages

Remember to stretch a fire department hose and not to use the hose that is on site

50
Q

Exhibit halls:

Confinement- any fire suppression system available must be quickly supported.______Will also aid in confinement

A

Closing doors

51
Q

Exhibit halls:

Extinguishment- if available, begin by using ___________.

A

Interior standpipe systems

Later arriving Crews can begin stretching bigger back up lines from an outside water source at the standpipe system will not allow for it

52
Q

Exhibit halls:

Ventilation- If vertical ventilation must be used, Crews should seek existing openings to?

A

Speed the process

Cutting large holes in the exhibit hall ribs as many limitations and may not be an effective use of personnel

53
Q

Arenas:

The obvious life safety hazard present in arenas?

A

Massive crowds

54
Q

Arenas:

FFsafety- ___________ Is the biggest concern, and these can only be made safer with the fire suppression features presented earlier in this text

A

Size and configuration of the building

55
Q

Arenas:

S & R- This action will help firefighters meet the number one fire ground objective, life safety, more quickly

A

As occupants are evacuating, search efforts should also focus on locating and confining the fire

56
Q

Arenas:

Evacuation- The biggest concern is the large number of people trying to evacuate and the possibility people will?

A

Panic and stampede. Resulting in injury and death of attendees

57
Q

Arenas:

Evacuation- Under the threat of fire or another hazard, uncontrolled panic may erupt, and this can be?

A

Impossible to overcome

58
Q

Arenas:

Confinement- The best possible way to confine a fire is to activate an adequate sprinkler system and augment it with?

A

Suppression efforts from the fire department

59
Q

Arenas:

Ventilation: It is very difficult to ventilate structures like arenas without the aid of building HVAC systems because?

A

Arenas have very high ceilings

*hvac systems will need to be employed

60
Q

Night clubs and showplaces:

These conditions can conceal fires and allow them to burn unchecked for long periods of time

A

Loud music, low light levels, smoky environments.

Consumption of alcohol

61
Q

Night club and showplaces:

FFsafety- they will have easily ignited and potential explosive material stored

A

Pyrotechnics shows

62
Q

Night club and showplaces:

S & R - Rescue is focused on those?

A

In greatest peril. Firefighter should work out word from that point

63
Q

Night clubs and show places:

Fire confinement may be delayed as a result of?

A

Long hose line stretches.

Trying to enter through the same doors patrons are using for escape.

A lack of initial resources

64
Q

Nightclubs and show places:

Initial hose lines should be placed to confine the fire and protect?

A

Means of egress

65
Q

Night clubs:

Extinguishment- ______ hand lines must quickly follow any rescue efforts

A

Larger

66
Q

Night clubs and showplaces:

The primary cause of death in these structures?

A

Smoke

FF Strat & Tactics Enhanced 3rd Edit (7 decks)

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