Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P2 > Chapter 14 (BLOOD) > Flashcards

Chapter 14 (BLOOD) Flashcards

(85 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Only type of connective tissue with a liquid matrix (plasma). Transports vital substances regulates processes of homeostasis and distributes heat

A

Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the amount of blood in the adult body for male and female?

A

Male 5 to 6 L
Female 4 to 5 L
5 L on average for both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Three main types of blood cells

A

Red blood cells - RBCs
White blood cells - WBCs
Platelets (cell fragments)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Blood cell that carries oxygen

A

Red blood cells - RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Blood cells involved in immunity

A

White blood cells - WBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Clear fluid matrix of blood. About 55% of blood volume. Found in top of centrifuge tube after spinning.

A

Plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Found in bottom portion of centrifuge tube after spinning. Makes up 35 to 46% in females and 40 to 54% in males.

A

Red blood cells - RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Percentage of red blood cells RBCs is called what?

A

Hematocrit HCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Makes up less than one percent of blood volume. Found in puffy coat in the middle of centrifuge tube after spinning.

A

White blood cells (WBCs) and platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Origin of formed elements which include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

A

Hematopoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Blood cells originate in _________ from _________

A

Red bone marrow
Hematopoietic stem cells(Hemocytoblasts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lymphoid stem cells give rise to?

A

Lymphocytes (T&B) 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Myeloid stem cells give rise to? 

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells (other than T&B lymphocytes)
Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Red blood cells are also called?

A

Erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Biconcave shape. Consists of 1/3 hemoglobin for transporting oxygen. Lack nuclei and mitochondria. Cannot divide

A

Red blood cells - RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hemoglobin without oxygen is called?

A

Deoxyhemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hemoglobin with oxygen is called?

A

Oxyhemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Changes in red blood cell counts reflect what? 

A

Change in blood’s oxygen carrying capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the average lifespan of red blood cells?

A

120 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the average lifespan of red blood cells in patient with sickle cell?

A

60 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Nutritional requirements required for DNA synthesis necessary for growth and division of all cells

A

Vitamin B 12
Folic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Nutritional requirement for hemoglobin synthesis

A

Iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Condition in which oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is reduced due to deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin

A

Anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Worn out or damaged red blood cells are removed by which organs?

A

Spleen
Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Ruptured red blood cells are phagocytized by?
Macrophages
26
What happens to red blood cells when they are phagocytized by macrophages?
Hemoglobin separate into for subunits globin in chains with heme groups Heme groups break down into iron and biliverdin Iron is transported to red bone marrow by the protein transferrin  Biliverdin is converted to bilirubin Billy Verdon and Billy Rubin are excreted as bile pigments Globin chains decompose into amino acids
27
Protect against disease. I have a limited life spans so they must always be replaced. Produced in red bone marrow under control of hormones interleukins and colony stimulating factors.
White blood cells (Leukocytes & WBCs)
28
Five types of white blood cells (BEN LM):
Basophils Eosinophils Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes
29
Have granular cytoplasm, type of white blood cells:
Granulocytes
30
Do not have noticeable granules in cytoplasm, type of white blood cells:
Agranulocytes
31
Three granulocyte white blood cells (BEN):
Basophils Eosinophils Neutrophils
32
Two types of agranulocytes:
Lymphocytes Monocytes
33
Function of white blood cells in order(1-5):
Positive chemotaxis Diapedesis Cellular adhesion molecules Inflammatory response Phagocytosis
34
Attraction of white blood cells to an infection site by chemicals released by damage cells is called?
Positive chemotaxis
35
White blood cells squeezed between the cells of a capillary wall and leave blood vessel then migrate towards infection site this is called?
Diapedesis
36
Proteins that direct leukocytes to injury sites are called
Cellular adhesion molecules
37
Reaction that restrict spread of infection promoted by basil fills I secretion of heparin and histamine involve swelling and increased capillary permeability this is called?
Inflammatory response
38
Engulfing and digestion of pathogens (neutrophils and monocytes are most mobile and active phagocytes) this action is called?
Phagocytosis
39
Type of white blood cell. Granulocyte with small light purple granules and acid base stain. First arrive at infection site. Strong phagocytes. Make up 54 to 70% of leukocytes elevated and bacterial infections
Neutrophils
40
Type of white blood cell that is a granulocyte with horse granules that stain deep red in acid stain. Bilobed nucleus. Moderate allergic reactions. Defend against parasitic worm infestations. Elevated and parasitic worm infestations and allergic reactions
Eosinophils
41
Granulocyte white blood cell with large granules that stain deep blue in basic stain. Release histamine to stimulate inflammation. Release heparin to stop blood from clotting. Less than 1% of leukocytes
Basophils
42
Largest of all the white blood cells. Agranulocyte with spherical kidney shaped oval and lobed nuclei. Leave bloodstream to become macrophages. 3 to 9% of leukocytes. Live for weeks to months. Phagocytize bacteria, dead cells,and debris
Monocytes
43
Agranulocyte white blood cells with large spherical nucleus surrounded by thin rim of cytoplasm. Important and immunity. May live for years
Lymphocytes
44
Two major types of lymphocytes
T cells B cells
45
Type of lymphocyte that directly attacks pathogens and tumor cells
T cells
46
Type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies
B cells
47
High white blood cell count is called
Leukocytosis
48
Low white blood cell count is called
Leukopenia
49
Lists percentages of types of leukocytes which may change in particular diseases
Differential white blood cell count
50
Cytoplasmic fragments of megakaryocytes are called
Platelets (thrombocytes)
51
What hormone triggers hemocytoblast to produce platelets?
Thrombopoietin
52
High platelet count is called?
Thrombocytosis
53
Low platelet count is called
Thrombocytopenia
54
Platelets help in what process?
Hemostasis (stopping of bleeding) 
55
Causes smooth muscles and walls of broken blood vessels to contract
Serotonin
56
Protein that helps maintain pressure in vessels
Albumin
57
Clear liquid matrix. Liquid portion of blood making up 55% of blood volume. Comprise 92% of water. Transports nutrients gases hormones and vitamins. Regulate fluid and electrolyte balance and maintain pH
Blood plasma
58
Two most important blood gases
Oxygen Carbon dioxide
59
Plasma nutrients (4)
Amino acids Simple sugars Nucleotides Lipids - Fats(triglycerides), phospholipids, cholesterol
60
Plasma contains ions called _________ Since they ionize in water and conduct electricity
Electrolytes
61
Two most abundant electrolytes in plasma
Sodium and chloride
62
Three steps in hemostasis (stoppage of bleeding) 
Blood vessel (vascular) spasm Platelet plug formation Blood coagulation
63
Stimulated by cutting or breaking a small blood vessel. Smooth muscle and blood vessel contracts rapidly. Allows time for a platelet plug to form and blood to coagulate. Serotonin released from platelets causes vasoconstriction which further helps to reduce blood loss
Vascular spasm (blood vessel spasm)
64
Triggered by exposure of platelets to collagen. Platelets in here to rough surface to form a plug
Platelet plug formation
65
Most effective hemostatic mechanism occurs within 5 to 15 minutes. Forms blood clot in a series of reactions in which each step activates next one this is called a cascade. Consist of extrinsic and intrinsic clotting mechanism
Blood coagulation
66
Chemicals used in coagulation are called
Clotting factors
67
Vitamin that is necessary for functioning of some of the clotting factors
Vitamin K
68
Major event in conversion of soluble _________ Into insoluble threads of __________ which traps blood cells. 
Fibrinogen Fibrin
69
Plasma minus fibrinogen and most clotting factors is called
Serum
70
Simulate smooth muscle cells and fiberglass repair damaged blood vessels
Platelet derived growth factor
71
Digests fibrin threads and dissolve the blood clot
Plasmin
72
An abnormal blood clot that forms in a blood vessel
Thrombus
73
A blood clot moving through the blood vessels
Embolus
74
Blood clot in a vessel supplying a vital organ example brain heart
Thrombosis
75
Death of tissue which have blocked blood vessels due to blood clot formation
Infarction
76
Deprivation of oxygen is called
Ischemia
77
Blood clot that travels and then blocks a blood vessel in an organ example pulmonary in the lungs
Embolism
78
Accumulation of fat an arterial linings which sometimes cause abnormal clock for missions are common form of thrombosis
Atherosclerosis
79
Blood types are distinguished by proteins ___________ On the surface of red blood cells
Antigens
80
Clumping of red blood cells is called
Agglutination
81
Blood type that is the universal donor. Lacks antigens A and B
Type O
82
Universal recipient blood type. Lax both anti-A anti-B antibodies
Blood type AB
83
Presence of antigen D or other Rh antigens on RBC membrane is called
Rh positive
84
Absence of Rh antigens on RBC membranes is called
Rh negative
85
Serious condition in Rh+ fetus carried by Rh- mother who has been previously sensitized to Rh antigen, rare condition.
Erythroblastosis fetalis  Hemolytic disease of the newborn

A&P2 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions