Chapter 14 Definitions

Question 1

The supreme authority of a nation-state to impose its powers on its subjects within its defined boundaries, including the drafting and enforcement of laws.

Answer 1

Sovereignty

Question 2

The law that is enforceable within the defined territory or boundaries of a particular nation or state.

Answer 2

Domestic Law

Question 3

A judicial decision; the act or process of arriving at a decision after considering the facts

Answer 3

Adjudication

Question 4

Economic penalties that can be imposed on a nation for a breach of international law

Answer 4

Economic Sanctions

Question 5

A form of protest whereby people refrain from buying or using the goods or services of a particular country or organization in order to pressure it to change its behaviour

Answer 5

Trade Boycott

Question 6

A ban on the trade of all goods or certain goods to a particular nation or nations

Answer 6

Trade Embargoes

Question 7

Any governmental bodies or official groups involved in dispute resolution, possibly using a court-like structure (e.g. a human rights tribunal dealing with discrimination complaints)

Answer 7

Tribunal

Question 8

The planned killing of any group identifiable by colour, religion, nationality, or ethnic origin

Answer 8

Genocide

Question 9

Court Decisions

Answer 9

Rulings

Question 10

The customs, rules and agreements recognized as binding on sovereign (independent) states to ensure orderly conduct within the international community

Answer 10

International Law

Question 11

A form of dispute resolution in which a neutral third party hears a dispute between two parties and then makes a decision, which both parties have to agree to follow.

Answer 11

Arbitration

Question 12

Countries; territories with specific borders and laws and a centralized government

Answer 12

Nation-States

Question 13

Officials involved in international activities or negotiations

Answer 13

Diplomats

Question 14

1. Rules of behaviour that are historically accepted though they are not always legally enforced, and that often influence the content of treaties between nations
2. Formal agreements between two or more nations

Answer 14

Conventions

Question 15

Formal agreements between two or more sovereign states

Answer 15

Treaties

Question 16

Formal agreements between two or more sovereign states

Answer 16

Protocols

Question 17

Formal agreements between two or more sovereign states

Answer 17

Covenants

Question 18

Formal agreements between two or more sovereign states

Answer 18

Acts

Question 19

In international law, the parties or countries who have signed an agreement or treaty

Answer 19

Signatories

Question 20

Regarding a treaty in international law; agreed to by two nations

Answer 20

Bilateral

Question 21

Regarding a treaty in international law; agreed to by three or more nations

Answer 21

Multilateral

Question 22

To collect or to arrange existing laws and practices in one document

Answer 22

Codify

Question 23

Regarding a contract, formally approved or authorized

Answer 23

Ratified

Question 24

The body of law that applies to outer space and governs space-related activities

Answer 24

Space law

Question 25

The right of diplomats and their families while posted in foreign countries to be shielded from criminal prosecution and civil litigation

Answer 25

Diplomatic Immunity

Question 26

A means of describing court decisions that are not legally binding but can be used for guidance or influence

Answer 26

Persuasive Value

Question 27

The supreme power originally held by a ruler over subjects living within his or her state; includes the right to make laws

Answer 27

Internal Sovereignty

Question 28

The right or power of independent states to either enter or. not enter into relationships with other states (e.g. to forge a trade agreement)

Answer 28

External Sovereignty

Question 29

1. An integrated system of production, marketing, finance, and management, including free trade and the increased interdependence of national economies around the world. 2. An increase in worldwide social interconnectedness in which local happenings are shaped by events occurring far away.

Answer 29

Globalization

Question 30

A type of travel to relatively undisturbed natural areas in order to understand and appreciate their natural history and culture without altering the environment

Answer 30

Ecotourism

Question 31

A suspension or deferment of an action

Answer 31

Moratorium

Question 32

The legal surrender or delivery of a fugitive from one state, country or government to the jurisdiction of another to face trial

Answer 32

Extradition

Question 33

A rule governing the process of extradition stating that an offense must be a crime in both nations before a fugitive is extradited from one nation to another

Answer 33

Double-Criminality Rule

Question 34

The mutual exchange of privileges

Answer 34

Reciprocity

Question 35

The principle that an accused will be charged with only the crime that is specified in the request for extradition

Answer 35

Specialty

Question 36

A strategy to conceal information

Answer 36

Subterfuge

Question 37

Offenses that involve more than one nation (e.g. acts of terrorism, hijacking, kidnapping, drug trafficking)

Answer 37

Transnational Crime

Question 38

Heads of embassies in foreign countries, who are either career civil servants or political appointees

Answer 38

Ambassadors

Question 39

Technical experts on a diplomatic staff (e.g. military attaché)

Answer 39

Attachés

Question 40

The decision to send a diplomat home

Answer 40

Expulsion

Question 41

A specialized UN agency that promotes international cooperation among its member states and six associated members in the fields of education, science, culture and communication

Answer 41

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

Question 42

An environmental principle, often used in international law, that enables action to be taken to restrict or limit an activity prior to having actual proof of harm when a threat of serious harm or damage exists

Answer 42

Precautionary Principle

Question 43

The economic theory, popular in Europe from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries, that trade generates wealth, is stimulated by the acquisition of gold, and should be encouraged by nations through promotion of exports and limiting of imports

Answer 43

Mercantilism

Question 44

Courses of action that shield domestic products from international competition and inhibit the growth of international trade

Answer 44

Protectionist Policies

Question 45

A multinational treaty to facilitate world trade, which came into effect in 1948 in Geneva, Switzerland.

Answer 45

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trades (GATT)

Question 46

Taxes that countries impose on incoming goods to protect domestic industries

Answer 46

Tariffs

Question 47

A global organization established in 1995 to supervise and liberalize world trade

Answer 47

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Question 48

A plan of action established by Sir John A. Macdonald in 1879 to protect Canadian manufacturers through tariffs

Answer 48

National Policy

Question 49

A trade agreement among Canada, the United States and Mexico, implemented in 1994, to promote trade among the three countries by lessening or abolishing tariffs and other trad barriers on many goods and services

Answer 49

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Question 50

Legally protected ownership of ideas and works of art including literature, through means of trademarks, patents and copyright

Answer 50

Intellectual Property

Question 51

The belief that one's own culture is best and most nature a tendency of people to interpret or evaluate other cultures by referring to their own

Answer 51

Ethnocentrism