Chapter 14 - Failover Clustering - Do I know this already?

Question 1

What parameter of the New-Cluster cmdlet allows you to specify DNS?

a. administrativeaccesspoint
b. resolver
c. adsource
d. nameserver

Answer 1

a. administrativeaccesspoint

Question 2

What quorum witness type is new to Server 2016?

a. Disk
b. File Share
c. Cloud
d. Server

Answer 2

c. Cloud

Question 3

What cmdlet lets you to move a cluster out of the Mixed-OS mode?

a. Update-ClusterFunctionalLevel
b. Update-Cluster
c. Update-OS-Mode
d. Update-OSMode

Answer 3

a. Update-ClusterFunctionalLevel

Question 4

Which of the following is not a VM state in VM resiliency?

a. Test
b. Unmonitored
c. Isolated
d. Quarantined

Answer 4

a. Test

Question 5

What cmdlet allows you to create a new CSV?

a. Update-ClusterSharedVolume
b. Create-ClusterSharedVolume
c. New-ClusterSharedVolume
d. Add-ClusterSharedVolume

Answer 5

d. Add-ClusterSharedVolume

Question 6

Which of the following is not a requirement for a Scale-Out File Server?

a. Shared storage
b. Proper Failover Clustering configuration
c. 32 GB or RAM per node
d. Failover Clustering feature installation

Answer 6

c. 32 GB or RAM per node

Question 7

What are Nodes in Windows Server terms?

Answer 7

Members of a failover cluster.

Question 8

What is a Cluster Name Object (CNO)?

Answer 8

An object for the cluster in Active Directory.

Question 9

What is a Quorum in Windows Server terms?

Answer 9

A method of preventing a split-brain cluster.

Question 10

What is a Witness in Windows server terms?

Answer 10

A device that acts as a tie-breaker in a quorum.

Question 11

What is Cluster-Aware Updating (CAU)?

Answer 11

Windows Update technology for clusters.

Question 12

What is a Rolling Upgrade?

Answer 12

An update of the OS in machines of a cluster on a gradual basis.

Question 13

What is CSVFS?

Answer 13

A pseudo file system that sits on top of NTFS in a Clustered Shared Volume (CSV).

Question 14

What is Scale-Out File Server (SoFS)?

Answer 14

A clustered role that provides highly available storage for applications.

Question 15

Name at least four requirements for successful failover clustering.

Answer 15

• Identical hardware and configuration on nodes; network adapters with identical configurations
• Certified for Windows Server 2016 logos; same OS versions and editions and updates
• separate networks for various traffic forms recommended
• redundant networking equipment recommended

Question 16

What cmdlet in PowerShell creates a new cluster?

Answer 16

New-Cluster

Question 17

Name three clustered storage pools requirements.

Answer 17

Minimum of three disks, 4 GB each, and SAS or iSCSI

Question 18

Name at least four usage scenarios for guest clusters.

Answer 18

• Node monitoring
• application migration
• host availability
• VM migration
• nested clustering

Question 19

What are the requirements for failover clustering?

Answer 19

• Nodes of the cluster should be as identical in hardware configurations as possible; this includes items such as CPU number and type and memory installations.
• Network adapters in nodes should have identical configurations.
• For full Microsoft support, systems should feature the Certified for Windows Server 2016 logo.
• All nodes should run the same OS versions and edition and should have the same updates installed.
• Separate networks are recommended for cluster traffic as well as shared storage and management traffic.
• Redundant networking equipment should be considered to help eliminate single points of failure.

Question 20

How do you create a multi-domain cluster?

Answer 20

Step 1. Create a local account: Specifically, create a local user account on every node, with the same user name and the same password; add the user to the local Administrators group; you can also use the built-in Administrator account as long as the password is the same on each node; if you do not use the Administrator account, you must set a registry key called LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy on every node
Step 2. Add DNS suffixes: Without Active Directory, a cluster must use DNS to locate the cluster nodes and the cluster itself. You need to specify a primary DNS suffix when assigning a name to each node in the System applet of Control Panel; for a multi-domain cluster, configure the Advanced TCP/IP Settings in every node with the DNS suffixes for all the domains represented in the cluster
Step 3. Create the workgroup or multi-domain cluster

Question 21

How do you create a local account for a multi-domain cluster in powershell with administrative privileges ?

Answer 21

new-itemproperty -path hklm:\software\microsoft\ windows\currentversion\policies\system -name localaccounttokenfilterpolicy -value 1

Question 22

How do you add DNS suffixes in Powershell?

Answer 22

Set- DnsClientGlobalSettings PowerShell cmdlet

Question 23

How do you create a Create the workgroup or multi-domain cluster in Powershell?

Answer 23

use the New-Cluster cmdlet but include the AdministrativeAccessPoint parameter with the DNS value:
new-cluster -name mycluster1 -node server1,server2,server3 -administrativeaccesspoint dns

Question 24

What are three types of Quorum Witness in multi-domain clustering?

Answer 24

1. Disk witness
2. File share witness
3. Cloud witness

Question 25

What is a Disk Witness?

Answer 25

This is a dedicated disk in the cluster’s shared storage that contains a copy of the cluster database. It is a common type for a cluster located at a single site

Question 26

What is a File share witness?

Answer 26

This is an SMB file share on a Windows server with a Witness.log file containing information about the cluster. It is a common type for clusters divided among multiple sites with replicated storage.

Question 27

What is a Cloud Witness?

Answer 27

This new choice in Windows Server 2016 is a blob stored in the cloud using standard Microsoft Azure services. This type is designed for stretched clusters split among multiple data centers at remote sites, where it is important to keep a witness that is independent of all the data centers.

Question 28

What are some clustering network recommendations?

Answer 28

- Use separate network adapters to avoid the adapter card being a single point of failure. - Use different vendors and makes of network adapters when possible to prevent driver issues from affecting multiple adapters. - Use separate physical switches to prevent a switch from being a single point of failure. - Create redundant network connections whenever possible, especially for the client communication network - For networks without redundant connections, use NIC Teaming to provide failover capability in the event of a network adapter malfunction

Question 29

How are networks assigned in clustering?

Answer 29

- Any network carrying iSCSI traffic is disabled for any cluster communication. - Networks without a default gateway address are configured for cluster communications only. - Networks with a default gateway address are configured for both client and cluster communication.

Question 30

What are some reasons a single VM might lose contact with a cluster?

Answer 30

- The cluster service on the VM has shut down. - There is a memory problem. - There is a software problem. - Network communication disrupts. There is a driver issue. - There is an IP addressing issue. - There is a damaged network cable. - There is a disconnected network cable

Question 31

What are some new VM states for resiliency?

Answer 31

- Unmonitored - Isolated - Quarantine

Question 32

What are unmonitored VM states for resiliency?

Answer 32

Shows that the VM owning a role is not watched by the cluster service

Question 33

What is an isolated VM state for resiliency?

Answer 33

Shows that the node is not an active member of the cluster but is still in possession of a role

Question 34

What is a Quarantine VM state for resiliency?

Answer 34

Shows a node that has been drained of its roles and removed from the cluster for a specified length of time after having left and reentered the cluster three times in the previous hour

Question 35

What settings can be adjusted for the way a cluster uses VM states?

Answer 35

- - ResiliencyLevel - ResiliencyDefaultPeriod - ResiliencyPeriod - QuarantineThreshold - QuarantineDuration

Question 36

What are the requirements for clustered storage?

Answer 36

- A minimum of three disks - A minimum of 4 GB each - Connection via SAS or iSCSI

Question 37

How do you create a clustered storage pool?

Answer 37

Step 1. Launch Server Manager and select Tools > Failover Cluster Manager. Step 2. In the left pane, right-click the Failover Cluster Manager node and choose Connect to Cluster if the cluster is not visible. Step 3. In the left pane, double-click the cluster to expand its configuration nodes. Step 4. Double-click Storage in the left pane to expand its options, Step 5. Right-click the Pools node under Storage and select New Storage Pool to launch the New Storage Pool Wizard. Step 6. On the Specify a Storage Pool Name and Subsystem page, provide a name for the pool and select the primordial pool that contains the disks you require. Step 7. On the Select Physical Disks for the Storage Pool page, choose the disks you want to add to the pool and specify each as either Automatic, Manual,or Hot Spare. Step 8. Click Create

Question 38

How do you create a Scale-Out File Server?

Answer 38

Step 1. Launch Server Manager and select Tools > Failover Cluster Manager. Step 2. In the left pane, right-click the Failover Cluster Manager node and choose Connect to Cluster if the cluster is not visible. Step 3. In the left pane, double-click the cluster to expand its configuration nodes. www.hellodigi.ir Step 4. Right-click the Roles node and choose Configure Role to launch the High Availability Wizard. Step 5. On the File Server Type page, select the Scale-Out File Server for Application Data option and click Next. Step 6. On the Client Access Point page, specify a name that clients use to access the role and click Next. The wizard creates an Active Directory Domain Services computer object using this name. Step 7. Click Finish.