Chapter 14- infection

Question 1

how is HIV transmitted?

Answer 1

through bodily fluids

Question 2

HIV is a ______ _____ that causes immunosuppression

Answer 2

retro-virus

Question 3

_______ transmission is the most common mode of transmission for HIV

Answer 3

sexual

Question 4

______ ______ are the most common means of work-related HIV transmission

Answer 4

puncture wounds

Question 5

______ transmission of HIV is usually caused by delivery

Answer 5

perinatal

Question 6

a_____ ____ can decrease risk for perinatal transmission

Answer 6

c section

Question 7

the person is most infectious during ______ _____ phase of HIV

Answer 7

acute infection

Question 8

a person is not symptomatic of HIV until ____-_____ years after transmission

Answer 8

8-10

Question 9

it can take anywhere from ______ weeks to ______ ______ for a person infected w HIV to test positive for antibodies

Answer 9

3 weeks to 3 months

Question 10

HIV develops into AIDS after how long?

Answer 10

10 plus years

Question 11

______ ___ cells are the target cell for HIV

Answer 11

CD4 T cells

Question 12

immune problems start when ____ ___ cells drop to less than 500

Answer 12

cd4 T cells

Question 13

during the acute infection phase of HIV, the person has _____-_______ symptoms

Answer 13

mono-like

Question 14

when someone with HIV is symptomatic, their cd4 T cell level is closer to _______

Answer 14

200

Question 15

_______ ____ can be an indicator of AIDS

Answer 15

kaposi sarcoma

Question 16

_____ _____ is more commonly associated w the symptomatic phase of HIV

Answer 16

oral thrush

Question 17

_____ _____ _______ causes painless, white raised lesions on the lateral aspect of the tongue and is an indicator of HIV progression

Answer 17

oral hairy leukoplakia

Question 18

HIV is tested for using ____ or ______

Answer 18

blood
saliva

Question 19

combo _____-______ tests can detect HIV earlier

Answer 19

antigen-antibody

Question 20

the more decreased the ____ ____ is, the less active HIV is

Answer 20

viral load

Question 21

patients with HIV have ______ _____ function

Answer 21

altered liver

Question 22

a CBC for a pt with HIV would have a low ______ and low _____ count

Answer 22

WBC
platelet

Question 23

_____ is associated with antiretroviral therapy

Answer 23

anemia

Question 24

antiretroviral (ART) therapy cannot be taken with _____ ____ ____, ____, and ______

Answer 24

St johns wart
PPIs
antacids

Question 25

______ ________ is a prevention strategy for people at high risk for HIV

Answer 25

preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP)

Question 26

____________ _______ can slow the progression of HIV

Answer 26

antiretroviral therapy

Question 27

_________ is changing in body shape--fat redistributing

Answer 27

lipodystrophy

Question 28

_______ is a manifestation of HIV, in pts who have been on ART and have been infected for a long time

Answer 28

lipodystrophy

Question 29

which types of isolation precautions is (are) appropriate for a pt w TB? (select all that apply) A. contact B. droplet C. airborne D. standard E. neutropenic

Answer 29

C D

Question 30

transmission of HIV from an infected individual to another most commonly occurs as a result of: A. unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse B. low levels of virus in the blood and high levels of CD4 T cells C. transmission from mother to infant during labor and delivery and breastfeeding D. sharing of drug-using equipment, including needles, syringes, pipes, and straws

Answer 30

A

Question 31

during HIV infection: A. reverse transcriptase helps HIV fuse with the CD4 t cell B. HIV RNA uses the CD4 T cells's mitochondria to replicate C. the immune system is impaired predominately by the eventual widespread destruction of CD4 T cells D. a long period of dormancy develops during which HIV cannot be found in the blood and there is very little replication

Answer 31

C

Question 32

which statements accurately describe HIV infection? (select all that apply) A. untreated HIV infection has a predictable pattern of progression B. late chronic HIV infection is called AIDS C. untreated HIV infection can remain in the early chronic stage for a decade or more D. untreated HIV infection usually remains in the early chronic stage for 1 year or less E. opportunistic diseases occur more often when the CD4 T cell count is high and the viral load is low

Answer 32

A B C

Question 33

a diagnosis of AIDS is made when an HIV infected patient has A. a CD4 T cell count below 200 B. a high level of HIV in the blood and saliva C. lipodystrophy w metabolic abnormalities D. oral hairy leukoplakia, an infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus

Answer 33

A

Question 34

screening for HIV generally involves: A. detecting CD8 cytotoxic T cells in saliva B. lab analysis of saliva to detect CD4 t cells C. analysis of lymph tissues for the presence of HIV RNA D. lab analysis of blood to detect HIV antigen or antibodies

Answer 34

D

Question 35

HIV antiretroviral therapy drugs are used to: A. cure acute HIV infection B. decrease viral RNA levels C. treat opportunistic diseases D. decrease pain and symptoms of terminal disease

Answer 35

B

Question 36

opportunistic diseases in HIV infection: A. are usually benign B. are generally slow to develop and progress C. occur in the presence of immunosuppression D. are curable with appropriate drug interventions

Answer 36

C

Question 37

which statements about metabolic side effects of ART are true? (select all that apply) A. these are annoying symptoms that are ultimately harmless B. ART related body changes include fat redistribution and peripheral wasting C. lipid abnormalities include increases in triglycerides and decreases in high density cholesterol D. insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia can be treated with drugs to control glucose and cholesterol E. compared to uninfected people, insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia are more difficult to treat in HIV-infected patients

Answer 37

B C D

Question 38

which strategy can the nurse teach the patient to eliminate the risk of HIV transmission? A. using sterile equipment to inject drugs B. cleaning equipment used to inject drugs C. taking lamivudine (Epivir) during pregnancy D. using latex or polyurethane barriers to cover genitalia during sexual contact

Answer 38

A

Question 39

what is the MOST appropriate nursing intervention to help an HIV infected patient adhere to a treatment regime? A. "set up" a drug pillbox for the patient every week B. give the pt a video and a brochure to view and read at home C. tell the pt that the side effects of the drug are bad but that they go away after a while D. assess the pts routines and find adherence cues that find into the pts life circumstances

Answer 39

D

Question 40

low ____ seen with HIV pts

Answer 40

platelets

Question 41

decreased _____ count seen in pts with HIV

Answer 41

WBC

Question 42

normal range of CD4 T cells: _____-_____

Answer 42

800-1200

Question 43

______ persists throughout disease process of HIV

Answer 43

lymphadenopathy

Question 44

____ ____ is part of the diagnostic criteria for AIDs

Answer 44

kaposi sarcoma

Question 45

person is most infectious in what stage if HIV?

Answer 45

acute HIV

Question 46

in the ____ phase of HIV pt is typically asymptomatic

Answer 46

chronic