Chapter 14: Mass And New Media

Question 1

What is mass media?

Answer 1

A collection of media organizations that communicate information to the public through a variety of media technologies.

Question 2

What is framing?

Answer 2

How the media decide what Information and whose perspectives is included or excluded in documentation.

Question 3

What is new media?

Answer 3

Media characterized by a decentralized process of content creation and distribution.

Question 4

What is fake news?

Answer 4

Hoaxes, or the deliberate use of misinformation in traditional news media or social media.

Question 5

What is the difference between misinformation and disinformation?

Answer 5

Misinformation is false information spread unintentionally, disinformation is false information spread intentionally.
All that matters is the intention.

Question 6

What is the conflict theorist perspective of media and presentation?

Answer 6

The dominant ideology is critical for maintaining the status quo and justifying capitalist means of production through a neoliberal consumer culture. Elites are people in positions of power who control means of production and dissemination of mass content. Conflict theorists explore conflicts between parties on content production, what is shown, what is not.

Question 7

What is citizen journalism?

Answer 7

Original reporting and news coverage by people who are not professional journalists. People who commonly use the internet, blogs, and social media to voice opinions and counter the messaging present in dominant ideology.

Question 8

What is the feminist theorist perspective of media and distribution?

Answer 8

We learn about gender identity through representations put forth by dominant media institutions such as film, television, advertising, and recording industries. Feminist media scholarship calls attention to the way dominant media institutions represent women as objects rather than active human subjects.

Question 9

What is the functionalist approach to media and distribution?

Answer 9

The media provides members of society with personal and social importance on socio-political and cultural events at both local and global levels.

Question 10

What is the press gallery?

Answer 10

An area in a parliamentary building where members of the press can observe and report on parliamentary proceedings.

Question 11

What is the symbolic interactionist’s approach to media and distribution?

Answer 11

We must understand how symbols can convey stories and support or question credibility of a source. Pictures, clips, and quotes are often unused to provide

Question 12

What is the symbolic interactionist’s approach to media and distribution?

Answer 12

We must understand how symbols can convey stories and support or question credibility of a source. Pictures, clips, and quotes are often unused to provide veracity in news stories, and expert sources are often cited to demonstrate truth underlying a story.

Question 13

What did sociologists of the Frankfurt School observe?

Answer 13

How mass-produced cultural goods led to standardization and uniformity in content, destroying individuality and multiplicity of choice. Exposure to standardized goods like movies from Hollywood caused members of society to become more passive and uncritical with little willpower to resist appeal and influence of mass media.

Question 14

What did Zygmunt Bauman believe?

Answer 14

That the dominance of consumptive practices in daily life has led some people to be valued as good consumers, thereby reducing social relations to economic transactions. The mass media reinforces the sense that these behaviours are normal and expected by encoding messages about these practices of consumption.

Question 15

What is Web 2.0?

Answer 15

The second stage of development of the World Wide Web introducing user-generated content and interactivity to static websites.

Question 16

What is participatory culture?

Answer 16

A culture of consumption following the move towards Web 2.0 where consumers can purchase products, services, and information as easily as it is produced.

Question 17

What is public media ownership?

Answer 17

Media owned by (operated at arm’s length from) the government.

Question 18

What is private media ownership?

Answer 18

Media owned by corporations that follow a profit maximization model where decisions are made based on the likelihood of increasing revenue.

Question 19

What is Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC)?

Answer 19

An independent governing body founded by the Canadian government with the goal of fulfilling the media needs and representing the media interests of Canadian people.

Question 20

What is Canadian content (“Can-Con”)?

Answer 20

A federal government policy of quotas to guarantee that media created by Canadian artists, producers, and ocmpanies are sufficiently represented in mass media. As new forms of content production and dissemination emerge online, the CRTC is constantly challenged to rethink traditional models of regulation.

Question 21

What is convergence?

Answer 21

The combination and intersection of otherwise different and dispersed regulations and laws, industries, or technologies. The rise of digital media makes it clear that digitalization allows for convergence between technologies and industries.

Question 22

What is technological convergence?

Answer 22

The trend toward providing media and information in digital formats creating a system of information exchange that enables text, sound, image, and video to be consumable by the same device.

Question 23

What is public sphere?

Answer 23

Places where society deliberates important matters that shape society.

Question 24

What is private sphere?

Answer 24

Intimate spaces inhabited by families and friends such as the home.

Question 25

What three areas compose the bourgeois public sphere of debate?

Answer 25

1. Status for public debates to be open as opinions must be voiced regardless of a person’s status 2. Domain of common concern where the issues addressed in the public sphere must stay relevant to a larger social groups and not restricted to interests of small influential groups 3. Inclusivity where the issues discussed must be open and accessible to everyone in terms of their content. Cliques or closed groups do not represent the public sphere

Question 26

What is the digital public sphere?

Answer 26

Digital spaces where all users have the same opportunity to participate in deliberations on important matters to society. Despite the many promises of digital media for facilitating the formation of a new digital public sphere, digital media has its own challenges in enabling open discussion.

Question 27

What is a global village?

Answer 27

The notion that electronic media compress time and distance and allow individuals who are geographically and socially removed to have similar experiences by interacting with the same content.

Question 28

What is media literacy?

Answer 28

The ability to find, access, analyze, evaluate, and communicate messages in a wide range of formats including print, audio, video, and digital.

Question 29

What are digital skills?

Answer 29

Ability to access, understand, and use a wide range of digital services including but not limited to email, social media, search engines, and devices such as laptops, tablets, and smartphones.

Question 30

What is the difference between digital immigrants and digital natives?

Answer 30

Digital immigrants being people who have learned how to use digital technologies later in life and have been generally slow in adopting novel forms of communication, often the elderly or those who may have been less privileged in accessing new technology compared with digital natives which are people who have grown up with digital technologies and are not familiar with an internet-less time such as younger and wealthier generations in more advanced societies.