Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Patient Care ll (mine) > Chapter 14: Medication Information > Flashcards

Chapter 14: Medication Information Flashcards

1
Q

What two terms are used interchangeably in the health care field?

A

Drugs and Medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Are substances prescribed for treatment that produce therapeutically useful effects?

A

Medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Denotes substances used in diagnosis, treatment, or disease prevention, or as a component of a medication?
- replace a missing substance in the body

A

Drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

medications made from plants

A

digitalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

medications that come from animal sources

A

heparin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

medications that are produced by microorganisms

A

penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Indicates its chemical family

A

generic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

given to a drug by its manufacturer

A

Proprietary or trade names

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Resources on medications are:

A
  • physician’s desk reference (PDR)
  • clinical pharmacology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Setting the standards for control of drugs

A

FDA (Food and Drug Administration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Safety of workplace environment

A

OSHA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

standards for control of drugs:

A

These standards include strict rules concerning efficiency (effectiveness), purity, potency (strength), safety, and toxicity (potential for harm) of both prescription and nonprescription over-the-counter (OTC) medications.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

term that means effectiveness

A

Efficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Term that means strength

A

Potency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

term that means potential for harm

A

Toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The study of the way the body processes a drug and includes how drugs are absorbed, reach their site of action, are metabolized and exit the body
-Affects the response of persons to drugs (Varies according to age, physical condition, sex, weight, and immune status)

A

Pharmacokinetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

is a process involving the movement of a drug from the site of administration into the systemic circulation to produce a desired effect.

A

Absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How are oral medications absorbed?

A

Oral medications are absorbed through the mucosal lining of the gastrointestinal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How are other medications injected or absorbed?

A

Other medications are injected and absorbed through the blood vessels in the muscles, subcutaneous tissues, or dermal layers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When medications are injected directly into a vein or artery

A

No absorption needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

is the means by which a drug travels from the bloodstream to the target tissue and site of action.
- This process depends on adequate circulation. Drugs act more quickly in organs with an abundant blood supply, such as the liver, heart, brain, and kidneys.

A

Distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

is the process by which the body transforms drugs into an inactive form that can be excreted from the body.

A

Metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where do most drug metabolism occur?

A

In your liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

where enzymatic action transforms a drug into metabolites (products of metabolism) that can be excreted via the intestinal tract or the kidneys.

A

The liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

refers to the elimination of drugs from the body after they have been metabolized.

A

Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Some of examples of how drugs may be excreted

A

Drugs may be excreted by way of the kidneys, intestines, lungs, breast milk, or exocrine glands.

  • Portions of some drugs can escape metabolism and be excreted unchanged in urine or feces.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

are the chief organs of excretion

A

The kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Postoperative patients who are under anesthesia are encouraged to what?

A

are encouraged to cough and breathe deeply to help clear their bodies of the anesthetic agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Volatile substances such as alcohol and certain anesthetics are what?

A

are excreted through the lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Defined as the study of the effects of drugs on the normal physiological functions of the body

A

Pharmacodynamics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

A drug that produces a specific action and promotes the desired result

A

Agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

A drug that attaches itself to the receptor, preventing the agonist from acting

A

Antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Toxic effects of medication can occur when the drug accumulates in the body resulting in

A
  • Overdose
  • Impaired elimination
  • Advanced age
  • Impaired metabolism
  • Drug sensitivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q
  • purpose of the medication
  • usually drug binds to a receptor sites on cells
    examples : pain relief, blood pressure controlled, reduce inflammation
A

Therapeutic Effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q
  • effect other than the desired
  • related to the chemical and therapeutic characteristics
  • something you don’t want
  • ex: nausea, headache, insomnia, dry mouth
A

Side effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q
  • poisonous, potentially lethal
  • inadequate excretion, impaired metabolism, overdose, or drug sensitivity
  • ex: respiratory depression, kidney failure
A

Toxic effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q
  • overreaction, underreaction, unusual reaction
  • cause: unknown, unique to individuals
  • example: sedative cause anxiety, appetite suppressant increases appetite; mild stimulant causes extreme excitation
A

Idiosyncratic effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q
  • characteristic response to an allergen
  • cause: previous sensitization to an initial dose of the medication or one of its components
  • example: hives, asthma, attack, bronchospasm
A

Allergic response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

-responses to combined drugs that differ from their individual effects
- cause: chemical or physiological drug interaction
- example: combination of hypertension medication and diuretic drug causes weakness and fainting

A

Synergistic effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Toxic effects of medication can occur when the drug accumulates in the body resulting in

A
  • overdose
  • impaired elimination
  • advanced age
  • impaired metabolism
  • drug sensitivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Specific drugs that treats a toxic effect is called an

A

Antidote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

A type of reaction that occurs when a patient overreacts or underreacts to a drug or has an unusual reaction

A

Idiosyncratic reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

This type of reaction occurs when a patient has been sensitized to the initial dose of a medication and developed an reaction to the allergen and related drugs

A

Allergic reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Medications Used to Treat Allergic Reactions

A

-Termed antihistamines
-Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl) is more commonly used in imaging.
-Epinephrine (adrenaline) is administered for severe reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

-Category includes antiseptics, such as Betadine.
-Antibiotics are also in this category.
-used to disinfect

A

Antimicrobials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Used to control or prevent seizures
- example ( diazepam) (Valium) and dilantin

A

Anticonvulsants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Used to treat chronic cardiac arrhythmias

-amiodarone (Pacerone)
-adenocard
-coradarone
-isoptin
-pronestyl
-xylocaine

A

Antiarrhythmics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

-Relieve pain without causing a loss of consciousness
-Range from controlled narcotics to over-the-counter (OTC) medications, such as ibuprofen and aspirin
- if is a controlled substance (addicted to) increase chance of abuse

A

Analgesics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

induce sleep

A

narcrotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Exert a quieting effect, often inducing sleep.

A

Sedatives and tranquilizers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Reduce anxiety better than sedatives
- example: lorazepam (ativan) and diazepam (valium)

A

Tranquilizers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Used to counteract the effects of other drugs, such as sedatives and analgesics
example: flumazenil (romazicon) and naloxone (narcan)

A

Antagonists

50
Q

Relaxion and sedatives used what type of medicine combined

A

Benzos

51
Q

Used to eliminate sensation in a specific area before a painful procedure

example: Lidocaine (Xylocaine)

A

Local anesthetics

52
Q

example of a local anesthetics

A

Lidocaine (Xylocaine)

53
Q

May be administered for insertion of an endotracheal airway or to combative patients to facilitate diagnosis and treatment
- a skeletal muscle relaxant
- no unconsciousness inability to response
- short term succinylcholine chloride (Anectine)
- mivacurium (Mivacron)

A

Paralytic agents

54
Q

Control the level of glucose in the blood, primarily as a treatment for diabetes mellitus

A

Hypoglycemic agents

55
Q

Type l diabetes is treated with?

A

Insulin

56
Q

Type ll diabetes are treated with?

A

Type II may be treated with metformin (Glucophage), a sulfonylurea (Amaryl or Glucotrol), tolbutamide (Orinase), chlorpropamide (Diabinase), or rosiglitazone (Avandia).

57
Q

Drugs used to reduce blood pressure.

A

Antihypertensives

58
Q

principle types for treatment to control blood pressure

A
  • angiotensin- converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
  • beta blockers
59
Q

the abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues
-swelling

A

edema

60
Q

a substance produced by metabolic action or necessary for a metabolic process.

A

Metabolite

61
Q

to change physically and chemically as a result of body processes; the physiological process of using food or medication.

A

Metabolize

62
Q

“sleep-inducing”

A

Narcotic

62
Q

a narcotic drug that contains opium

A

Opiate

63
Q

describes any drug, natural or synthetic, that acts similarly to morphine

A

Opioid

64
Q

powerful

A

potent

65
Q

strength

A

potency

65
Q

an induced state of quiet, calmness, or sleep, as by means of a sedative or hypnotic medication; such medication

A

Sedative

66
Q

a poison; having a poisonous effect

A

Toxic

67
Q

potential for harm

A

Toxicity

68
Q

the acting or working together of two or more components, as when medications produce a combined effect

A

Synergistic

69
Q

What must a radiographer know relating to medications in the imaging department?

A
  • become familiar with the names, dosages, and routes of administration
70
Q

Many drugs today are manufactured from:

A

Synthetic materials

71
Q

Are more likely when patients have insufficient fluid intake

A

Toxic effects

72
Q

When receptors and drugs lock together what type of effect occurs?

A

Therapeutic effect

73
Q

With elderly patients who have poor cardiac, renal or hepatic function what is most likely to happen

A

likelihood that toxic effects may occur

74
Q

Some individuals become very agitated, rather than sedated, when phenobarbital is administered

A

idiosyncratic reaction

75
Q

an agent that causes an allergic response; a substance to which an organism has previously been exposed and to which it has developed antibodies.

A

Allergen

76
Q

hypersensitive reaction to intrinsically harmless antigens

A

Allergic

77
Q

drug or agent that is capable of producing a complete or partial loss of feeling

A

Anesthetic

78
Q

a drug prescribed to calm anxious or agitated people

A

Tranquilizer

79
Q

the medical term for allergic reaction is

A

antihistamines

80
Q

What is the most common medication for allergic reaction

A

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

81
Q

How can Benadryl be given:

A

Benadryl may also be given intramuscularly (IM) or intravenously (IV) if the patient has an allergic reaction.and orally

82
Q

anti-inflammatory medications that may also be prescribed before the injection of contrast media.

A

Short-acting corticosteroids such as cortisone acetate

83
Q

For patients with an acute allergic reaction what medication is given
-This drug stimulates the heart and the sympathetic nervous system.

A

epinephrine (Adrenalin)

84
Q

How is epinephrine (Adrenalin) administered

A

is administered subcutaneously (SC), IM, or IV.

85
Q

When patients with a severe or incapacitating allergic response do not appear to respond to the treatment what medication is given
- This long-acting corticosteroid acts as an anti-inflammatory agent, preventing or reducing edema (swelling) of the tracheobronchial tree. This treatment minimizes the possibility of respiratory arrest.

A

methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) may be administered IV.

86
Q
  • also includes antibiotics, which are medications given to treat wound infections and infectious diseases.
  • This category includes antiseptics such as alcohol and Betadine, an iodine compound commonly used in imaging departments for skin preparations before sterile injection procedures.
A

antimicrobials

87
Q

medications are prescribed for patients with chronic seizure disorder
-Preventive doses taken regularly allow seizure-prone individuals to continue the activities of daily living

A

anticonvulsants

88
Q

When seizures are prolonged or follow closely, what medication is given

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin) and diazepam (Valium)

89
Q

what common medication is used to treat seizures
- commonly order an initial dose of 5 to 10 mg

A

diazepam valium

90
Q

A wide variety of medications is used to treat chronic cardiac arrhythmias

A

Antiarrhythmics

91
Q

For acute attacks of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular arrhythmia, what medication is used

A

amiodarone (Pacerone)

92
Q

both ventricular and atrial arrhythmias can also be treated with

A

may be treated with amiodarone, lidocaine, quinidine (Quinidex), and several other drugs in this class.

93
Q

The opioid family, whose name derives from opium,

A

morphine, codeine, and meperidine (Demerol)

94
Q

analgesics with a low potential for side effects, are

A

such as aspirin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and naproxen sodium, are classed as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

95
Q

Decadron is used for what

A

allergic reactions

96
Q

list medications for arrhythmias

A

*adenocard
*cordarone
*isoptin
*pronestyl
*xylocaine

97
Q

medications for allergic reaction

A

decadron and benadryl

98
Q

blood thinners

A

-Anticoagulants
*heaprin
*coumadin
*warfarin

99
Q

what med is used for colon spasm

A

glucogon

100
Q

what med is used for chest pain

A

nitro

101
Q

what med is used for hyper insulin

A

glucophage metforman

102
Q

angina

A

chest pain
administer med sublinqual (under tongue)

103
Q

medication for seizures

A

dilantin

104
Q

medication for bradycardia

A

atropine

105
Q

med for shock, hypotension

A

dobutrex

106
Q

medications for shock

A

intropin and levophed

107
Q

med for edema

A

lasix

108
Q

med for cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis

A

epinephrine

109
Q

med for metabolic acidosis

A

sodium bicarbonate

110
Q

med for laxatives

A

cathartics

111
Q

med for angina

A

nitroglycerine

112
Q

what is a trade name for diphenhydramine

A

benedryl

113
Q

epinephrine is the generic name what is the trade name

A

adrenaline

114
Q

what is the generic drug for acetylsaliclic acid

A

aspirin

115
Q

what ways could benedryl be administered

A

orally, IM, IV

116
Q

what are the ways epinephrine can be adminsitered

A

SQ, IM, IV

117
Q

edema

A

swelling

118
Q

what ways are diazepam adminsitered

A

IV or IM

119
Q

patients receiving opoids should be monitored for resp. depression . what monitoring equipment would you use

A

pulse oximeter

120
Q

trade name for diazepam

A

valium

121
Q

how can narcan be administered

A

SC or IM
or dilute and give IV

122
Q

examples of benzos

A

ativan, valium, versed

123
Q

It continuously monitors both pulse rate and blood oxygen levels. placed on the finger, toe, or earlobe

A

Pulse oximeter

124
Q

electrical acitivity/impulses of the heart

A

EKG or ECG

Patient Care ll (mine) (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions