Chapter 14: Medication Information Flashcards
(129 cards)
1
Q
What two terms are used interchangeably in the health care field?
A
Drugs and Medications
2
Q
Are substances prescribed for treatment that produce therapeutically useful effects?
A
Medications
3
Q
Denotes substances used in diagnosis, treatment, or disease prevention, or as a component of a medication?
- replace a missing substance in the body
A
Drugs
4
Q
medications made from plants
A
digitalis
5
Q
medications that come from animal sources
A
heparin
6
Q
medications that are produced by microorganisms
A
penicillin
7
Q
Indicates its chemical family
A
generic
8
Q
given to a drug by its manufacturer
A
Proprietary or trade names
9
Q
Resources on medications are:
A
- physician’s desk reference (PDR)
- clinical pharmacology
10
Q
Setting the standards for control of drugs
A
FDA (Food and Drug Administration)
11
Q
Safety of workplace environment
A
OSHA
12
Q
standards for control of drugs:
A
These standards include strict rules concerning efficiency (effectiveness), purity, potency (strength), safety, and toxicity (potential for harm) of both prescription and nonprescription over-the-counter (OTC) medications.
13
Q
term that means effectiveness
A
Efficiency
14
Q
Term that means strength
A
Potency
15
Q
term that means potential for harm
A
Toxicity
16
Q
The study of the way the body processes a drug and includes how drugs are absorbed, reach their site of action, are metabolized and exit the body
-Affects the response of persons to drugs (Varies according to age, physical condition, sex, weight, and immune status)
A
Pharmacokinetics
17
Q
is a process involving the movement of a drug from the site of administration into the systemic circulation to produce a desired effect.
A
Absorption
18
Q
How are oral medications absorbed?
A
Oral medications are absorbed through the mucosal lining of the gastrointestinal tract
19
Q
How are other medications injected or absorbed?
A
Other medications are injected and absorbed through the blood vessels in the muscles, subcutaneous tissues, or dermal layers.
20
Q
When medications are injected directly into a vein or artery
A
No absorption needed
21
Q
is the means by which a drug travels from the bloodstream to the target tissue and site of action.
- This process depends on adequate circulation. Drugs act more quickly in organs with an abundant blood supply, such as the liver, heart, brain, and kidneys.
A
Distribution
22
Q
is the process by which the body transforms drugs into an inactive form that can be excreted from the body.
A
Metabolism
23
Q
Where do most drug metabolism occur?
A
In your liver
24
Q
where enzymatic action transforms a drug into metabolites (products of metabolism) that can be excreted via the intestinal tract or the kidneys.
A
The liver
25
refers to the elimination of drugs from the body after they have been metabolized.
Excretion
26
Some of examples of how drugs may be excreted
Drugs may be excreted by way of the kidneys, intestines, lungs, breast milk, or exocrine glands.
- Portions of some drugs can escape metabolism and be excreted unchanged in urine or feces.
27
are the chief organs of excretion
The kidneys
28
Postoperative patients who are under anesthesia are encouraged to what?
are encouraged to cough and breathe deeply to help clear their bodies of the anesthetic agent
29
Volatile substances such as alcohol and certain anesthetics are what?
are excreted through the lungs.
30
Defined as the study of the effects of drugs on the normal physiological functions of the body
Pharmacodynamics
31
A drug that produces a specific action and promotes the desired result
Agonist
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A drug that attaches itself to the receptor, preventing the agonist from acting
Antagonist
33
Toxic effects of medication can occur when the drug accumulates in the body resulting in
- Overdose
- Impaired elimination
- Advanced age
- Impaired metabolism
- Drug sensitivity
34
- purpose of the medication
- usually drug binds to a receptor sites on cells
examples : pain relief, blood pressure controlled, reduce inflammation
Therapeutic Effect
35
- effect other than the desired
- related to the chemical and therapeutic characteristics
- something you don't want
- ex: nausea, headache, insomnia, dry mouth
Side effect
36
- poisonous, potentially lethal
- inadequate excretion, impaired metabolism, overdose, or drug sensitivity
- ex: respiratory depression, kidney failure
Toxic effect
37
- overreaction, underreaction, unusual reaction
- cause: unknown, unique to individuals
- example: sedative cause anxiety, appetite suppressant increases appetite; mild stimulant causes extreme excitation
Idiosyncratic effect
38
- characteristic response to an allergen
- cause: previous sensitization to an initial dose of the medication or one of its components
- example: hives, asthma, attack, bronchospasm
Allergic response
39
-responses to combined drugs that differ from their individual effects
- cause: chemical or physiological drug interaction
- example: combination of hypertension medication and diuretic drug causes weakness and fainting
Synergistic effect
40
Toxic effects of medication can occur when the drug accumulates in the body resulting in
- overdose
- impaired elimination
- advanced age
- impaired metabolism
- drug sensitivity
40
Specific drugs that treats a toxic effect is called an
Antidote
41
A type of reaction that occurs when a patient overreacts or underreacts to a drug or has an unusual reaction
Idiosyncratic reaction
42
This type of reaction occurs when a patient has been sensitized to the initial dose of a medication and developed an reaction to the allergen and related drugs
Allergic reaction
43
Medications Used to Treat Allergic Reactions
-Termed antihistamines
-Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl) is more commonly used in imaging.
-Epinephrine (adrenaline) is administered for severe reactions
44
-Category includes antiseptics, such as Betadine.
-Antibiotics are also in this category.
-used to disinfect
Antimicrobials
45
Used to control or prevent seizures
- example ( diazepam) (Valium) and dilantin
Anticonvulsants
46
Used to treat chronic cardiac arrhythmias
-amiodarone (Pacerone)
-adenocard
-coradarone
-isoptin
-pronestyl
-xylocaine
Antiarrhythmics
47
-Relieve pain without causing a loss of consciousness
-Range from controlled narcotics to over-the-counter (OTC) medications, such as ibuprofen and aspirin
- if is a controlled substance (addicted to) increase chance of abuse
Analgesics
48
induce sleep
narcrotic
48
Exert a quieting effect, often inducing sleep.
Sedatives and tranquilizers
49
Reduce anxiety better than sedatives
- example: lorazepam (ativan) and diazepam (valium)
Tranquilizers
49
Used to counteract the effects of other drugs, such as sedatives and analgesics
example: flumazenil (romazicon) and naloxone (narcan)
Antagonists
50
Relaxion and sedatives used what type of medicine combined
Benzos
51
Used to eliminate sensation in a specific area before a painful procedure
example: Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Local anesthetics
52
example of a local anesthetics
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
53
May be administered for insertion of an endotracheal airway or to combative patients to facilitate diagnosis and treatment
- a skeletal muscle relaxant
- no unconsciousness inability to response
- short term succinylcholine chloride (Anectine)
- mivacurium (Mivacron)
Paralytic agents
54
Control the level of glucose in the blood, primarily as a treatment for diabetes mellitus
Hypoglycemic agents
55
Type l diabetes is treated with?
Insulin
56
Type ll diabetes are treated with?
Type II may be treated with metformin (Glucophage), a sulfonylurea (Amaryl or Glucotrol), tolbutamide (Orinase), chlorpropamide (Diabinase), or rosiglitazone (Avandia).
57
Drugs used to reduce blood pressure.
Antihypertensives
58
principle types for treatment to control blood pressure
- angiotensin- converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
- beta blockers
59
the abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues
-swelling
edema
60
a substance produced by metabolic action or necessary for a metabolic process.
Metabolite
61
to change physically and chemically as a result of body processes; the physiological process of using food or medication.
Metabolize
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“sleep-inducing”
Narcotic
62
a narcotic drug that contains opium
Opiate
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describes any drug, natural or synthetic, that acts similarly to morphine
Opioid
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powerful
potent
65
strength
potency
65
an induced state of quiet, calmness, or sleep, as by means of a sedative or hypnotic medication; such medication
Sedative
66
a poison; having a poisonous effect
Toxic
67
potential for harm
Toxicity
68
the acting or working together of two or more components, as when medications produce a combined effect
Synergistic
69
What must a radiographer know relating to medications in the imaging department?
- become familiar with the names, dosages, and routes of administration
70
Many drugs today are manufactured from:
Synthetic materials
71
Are more likely when patients have insufficient fluid intake
Toxic effects
72
When receptors and drugs lock together what type of effect occurs?
Therapeutic effect
73
With elderly patients who have poor cardiac, renal or hepatic function what is most likely to happen
likelihood that toxic effects may occur
74
Some individuals become very agitated, rather than sedated, when phenobarbital is administered
idiosyncratic reaction
75
an agent that causes an allergic response; a substance to which an organism has previously been exposed and to which it has developed antibodies.
Allergen
76
hypersensitive reaction to intrinsically harmless antigens
Allergic
77
drug or agent that is capable of producing a complete or partial loss of feeling
Anesthetic
78
a drug prescribed to calm anxious or agitated people
Tranquilizer
79
the medical term for allergic reaction is
antihistamines
80
What is the most common medication for allergic reaction
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
81
How can Benadryl be given:
Benadryl may also be given intramuscularly (IM) or intravenously (IV) if the patient has an allergic reaction.and orally
82
anti-inflammatory medications that may also be prescribed before the injection of contrast media.
Short-acting corticosteroids such as cortisone acetate
83
For patients with an acute allergic reaction what medication is given
-This drug stimulates the heart and the sympathetic nervous system.
epinephrine (Adrenalin)
84
How is epinephrine (Adrenalin) administered
is administered subcutaneously (SC), IM, or IV.
85
When patients with a severe or incapacitating allergic response do not appear to respond to the treatment what medication is given
- This long-acting corticosteroid acts as an anti-inflammatory agent, preventing or reducing edema (swelling) of the tracheobronchial tree. This treatment minimizes the possibility of respiratory arrest.
methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) may be administered IV.
86
- also includes antibiotics, which are medications given to treat wound infections and infectious diseases.
- This category includes antiseptics such as alcohol and Betadine, an iodine compound commonly used in imaging departments for skin preparations before sterile injection procedures.
antimicrobials
87
medications are prescribed for patients with chronic seizure disorder
-Preventive doses taken regularly allow seizure-prone individuals to continue the activities of daily living
anticonvulsants
88
When seizures are prolonged or follow closely, what medication is given
Phenytoin (Dilantin) and diazepam (Valium)
89
what common medication is used to treat seizures
- commonly order an initial dose of 5 to 10 mg
diazepam valium
90
A wide variety of medications is used to treat chronic cardiac arrhythmias
Antiarrhythmics
91
For acute attacks of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular arrhythmia, what medication is used
amiodarone (Pacerone)
92
both ventricular and atrial arrhythmias can also be treated with
may be treated with amiodarone, lidocaine, quinidine (Quinidex), and several other drugs in this class.
93
The opioid family, whose name derives from opium,
morphine, codeine, and meperidine (Demerol)
94
analgesics with a low potential for side effects, are
such as aspirin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and naproxen sodium, are classed as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
95
Decadron is used for what
allergic reactions
96
list medications for arrhythmias
*adenocard
*cordarone
*isoptin
*pronestyl
*xylocaine
97
medications for allergic reaction
decadron and benadryl
98
blood thinners
-Anticoagulants
*heaprin
*coumadin
*warfarin
99
what med is used for colon spasm
glucogon
100
what med is used for chest pain
nitro
101
what med is used for hyper insulin
glucophage metforman
102
angina
chest pain
administer med sublinqual (under tongue)
103
medication for seizures
dilantin
104
medication for bradycardia
atropine
105
med for shock, hypotension
dobutrex
106
medications for shock
intropin and levophed
107
med for edema
lasix
108
med for cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis
epinephrine
109
med for metabolic acidosis
sodium bicarbonate
110
med for laxatives
cathartics
111
med for angina
nitroglycerine
112
what is a trade name for diphenhydramine
benedryl
113
epinephrine is the generic name what is the trade name
adrenaline
114
what is the generic drug for acetylsaliclic acid
aspirin
115
what ways could benedryl be administered
orally, IM, IV
116
what are the ways epinephrine can be adminsitered
SQ, IM, IV
117
edema
swelling
118
what ways are diazepam adminsitered
IV or IM
119
patients receiving opoids should be monitored for resp. depression . what monitoring equipment would you use
pulse oximeter
120
trade name for diazepam
valium
121
how can narcan be administered
SC or IM
or dilute and give IV
122
examples of benzos
ativan, valium, versed
123
It continuously monitors both pulse rate and blood oxygen levels. placed on the finger, toe, or earlobe
Pulse oximeter
124
electrical acitivity/impulses of the heart
EKG or ECG
