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Patient Care ll (mine) > Chapter 15: Medication Administration > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Medication Administration Flashcards

1
Q

are glass containers with narrow necks that are opened by breaking the glass

A

Ampule

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2
Q

when coronary arteries are unable to supply the heart muscle with sufficient nutrients and oxygen, this results in a crushing pain

A

Angina pectoris

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3
Q

pertaining to the inside of the cheek or to the surface of a tooth or the gum beside the cheek.

A

Buccal

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4
Q

a laxative preparation

A

Cathartic

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5
Q

diluting liquid

A

Diluent

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6
Q

indicates administration of medication directly into the gastrointestinal tract via oral or rectal sites or via a nasogastric (NG) tube

A

Enteral

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7
Q

refers to the fact that the fluid is outside the vessel

A

Extravasation

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8
Q

collection of blood in tissues

A

Hematoma

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8
Q

leakage from the vein into surrounding tissue

A

Infiltration

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9
Q

the pressure exerted by fluid due to the force of gravity

A

Hydrostatic pressure

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10
Q

the administration of fluids or medications through an intravenous catheter by gravity flow

A

Infusion

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11
Q

a small adapter with a diaphragm that is attached to an intravenous catheter when more than one injection is anticipated.

A

Intermittent injection port

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12
Q

within an artery

A

Intraarterial

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13
Q

within the dermis layer of the skin

A

Intradermal

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14
Q

within muscle tissue

A

Intramuscular (IM)

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15
Q

pertaining to a structure, process, or substance within a sheath, such as within the spinal canal

A

Intrathecal

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16
Q

into a vein

A

Intravenous (IV)

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17
Q

pertaining to a liquid that has the same concentration of solute as human body fluid

A

Isotonic

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18
Q

a 0.9% weight per volume (w/v) solution of sodium chloride in water that is isotonic with blood. It is available as a sterile solution for intravenous injection or infusion

A

Normal saline solution (NS)

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19
Q

medications are injected directly into the body and bypass the gastrointestinal tract

A

Parenteral

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20
Q

consists of written directions for a specific medication or procedure, signed by a physician, and used only under the specific conditions stated in the order

A

Standing order

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21
Q

beneath the skin

A

Subcutaneous (SC)

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22
Q

drugs placed under the tongue

A

Sublingual

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23
Q

refers to the application of medication to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes

A

Topical

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24
Q

These medications are applied to the skin in a paste form or on adhesive disks that allow the medication to be absorbed through the skin into the bloodstream

A

Transdermal

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24
Q

What is the gastrointestinal tract?

A

the organs that food and liquids travel through when they are swallowed, digested, absorbed, and leaves the body as feces
- examples: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus

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25
Q

What is the radiographer role in medication administration?

A
  • check allergic history of patients
  • prepare medication for administration
  • verify patient ID
  • assist the physician
  • monitor the patient after medication has been given
  • if state regulations permits radiographers administer and chart the medication or contrast medium
  • get proper history
  • document everything
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26
Q

When medications are given in the imgaing department what does the physician do?

A

the physician selects the drug, determines the route of administration, and prescribes the exact dosage

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27
Q

The type of orders made:

A
  • written
  • verbal
  • standing order
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28
Q

For orders that are given verbal

A

should be written or countersigned by the physician before leaving the area

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29
Q

what medical order is not permitted in all states and not permitted in some institutions

A

Verbal

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30
Q

SIX RIGHTS OF MEDICATION
ADMINISTRATION

A

-THE RIGHT DOSE
-OF THE RIGHT MEDICATION
-TO THE RIGHT PATIENT
-AT THE RIGHT TIME
-BY THE RIGHT ROUTE
-WITH THE RIGHT DOCUMENTATION

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31
Q

When preparing to administer medication the first step is to what?

A

verify patient identification
*two identifiers are needed
- patient’s full name and brithday
- check the patient’s armband against the order

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32
Q

No medication should ever be given without what?

A

a physician’s order

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33
Q

Normal dosage is provided where?

A

in package insert

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34
Q

physicians are not required to prescribe the usual dose true or false

A

true

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35
Q

Routes of administration:

A

-ENTERAL ROUTE
-ORAL
-RECTAL
-NASOGASTRIC (NG) TUBE
-MEDICATION INHALATION
-TOPICAL ROUTE
-SUBLINGUAL AND BUCCAL ROUTES
-PARENTERAL INJECTIONS
-INTRAVENOUS (IV)

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36
Q

This type of route indicates administration of medication directly into the gastrointestinal tract

A

enteral route

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37
Q

the different types of enteral route

A

-oral
-rectal
-nasogastric (NG)

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38
Q

When a patient is severely nauseated or unable to swallow, medications can be administered by what?

A

by rectum

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39
Q

portions may be expelled prematurely, making dosage unreliable. An effective alternative for these patients is to administer medications and liquid nutrition through

A

an NG tube

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40
Q

Common and most familiar administering of medication
*dissolve in the stomach and into the small intestine absorption takes place
-digestive process can reduce therapeutic effect

A

Oral

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41
Q

ALTERNATIVE FOR THOSE UNABLE TO SWALLOW OR WITH
AN UNRETENTIVE STOMACH
- DOSAGE MAY BE UNRELIABLE BECAUSE OF EARLY
EXPULSION.

A

Rectal

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41
Q

ALSO AN ALTERNATIVE TO ORAL ADMINISTRATION
* MORE RELIABLE AND MORE EASILY CONTROLLED

A

Nasogastric NG tube

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42
Q

Oral medication with an enteric coating must be what

A

swallowed whole, not chewed, crushed, or broken

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43
Q

Provide therapy directly to lungs/respiratory system
* used in nuclear medicine for administration of radioactive gases for lung ventilation studies
- sniffing salts
- for people with asthma

A

Medication inhalation

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44
Q

are applied for a local effect, such as when calamine lotion is used to relieve the itch caused by poison ivy.
-MAY BE USED TO PROVIDE LOCAL THERAPY, SUCH AS
CREAMS FOR RASHES
-TRANSDERMAL PATCHES PROVIDE THERAPY BY
ADHERING MEDICATION TO THE SKIN, WHICH IS
EVENTUALLY ABSORBED INTO THE BLOODSTREAM.
ex. nicotine patches and birth control

A

Topical route

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45
Q

Sublingual and buccal routes are not considered what even they are placed in the mouth

A

they are not considered oral or enteral routes

46
Q

-ABSORPTION THROUGH MUCOSAL TISSUES INTO THE
BLOODSTREAM
-THIS BYPASSES GI TRACT.

A

Topical Route Variation

47
Q

What is use to treat angina pectoris crushing chest pain

A

nitroglycerin

48
Q

is the application of glucose paste inside the cheek of an unconscious patient with an insulin reaction.

A

buccal administration

49
Q

USED TO DELIVER DRUGS THAT:
-CAUSE IRRITATION OF THE GI TRACT
-CANNOT BE ABSORBED BY THE GI TRACT
-ARE NEEDED RAPIDLY TO SITE OF action

A

Parenteral injections

50
Q

medications are injected directly into the body and bypass the gastrointestinal tract

A

parenteral route

51
Q

Parenteral routes administration:

A

-intradermal
-subcutaneous (SC)
-intramuscular (lM)
-intra-arterial
-intravenous (IV)
-intrathecal

52
Q

are parenteral injections administered between the layers of the skin.

A

Intradermal Injections

53
Q

injections deliver medications into the fatty tissue layer beneath the skin.

A

Subcutaneous Injections

54
Q

IM; into the muscle) injections are sometimes given in larger amounts than SC injections

A

Intramuscular injection

55
Q

involves percutaneous access to the artery by a needle, frequently followed by catheter placement to permit injection at a specific anatomic site.

A

Intraarterial Administration

56
Q

is the parenteral method used when a contrast medium is to be injected through a spinal needle directly into the subarachnoid space.

A

Intrathecal Administration

57
Q

The most common type of intravascular administration

A

Intravenous (IV

57
Q

into a vein

A

Intravenous (IV)

57
Q

are those that are introduced to the body by means of injection

A

parenteral medications

58
Q

require the use of engineering controls to decrease the risk to health care workers from contaminated needlesticks

A

needleless systems

sharps with a built-in safety feature

58
Q

the smaller the gauge size

A

the bigger the hole

59
Q

never recap a what

A

dirty needle

60
Q

READ THE MEDICATION LABEL THREE TIMES BEFORE
ADMINISTRATION: Parenteral administration

A
  1. when selecting the container
  2. while preparing the dose
  3. just before injection
    * this is essential to be absolutely certain you have the correct drug and the proper strength, and that the expiration date has not been exceeded
61
Q

Parenteral Injection Procedure

A
  • Greet the patient. Check patient identification and explain the procedure.
  • Select the appropriate injection site.
  • Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves.
  • Cleanse the selected area with an alcohol wipe.
  • Hold the skin taut with your nondominant hand.
  • Insert the needle at the correct angle, and pull back slightly on the plunger.
  • If no blood is present, inject the medication.
  • Withdraw the needle quickly, and wipe the injection site.
  • Place the syringe with attached needle in a sharps container.
  • See to the patient’s comfort.
  • Remove your gloves and perform hand hygiene.
  • Chart the medication.
  • Discard the container and any remaining medication
62
Q

-provides most immediate effect
- used for delivering most emergency medications when an immediate response is critical
-also used to deliver parenteral nutrition and chemotherapy
-used to inject contrast media for radiographic examinations of the urinary tract and for some computed tomography (CT) studies, and to provide sedation during invasine procedures and Mri examinations

A

IV Route

63
Q

refers to diffusion of the fluid into the surrounding tissues

A

Infiltration

64
Q

Important to have no air in the veins true or false

A

true

65
Q

sometimes called a drip infusion, is the administration of fluids or medications through an intravenous catheter by gravity flow.

A

infusion

66
Q

The most common replacement fluid is

A

normal saline (NS)

67
Q

a solution of 0.9% sodium chloride in water.

A

normal saline (NS)

68
Q

That is, it has the same has the same concentration of solute as human body fluid.

A

isotonic

69
Q

A 5% solution of dextrose in water (D5W) is also a very common fluid true or false

A

true

69
Q

sometimes called a saline lock

A

intermittent injection port

70
Q

example of an interdermal test

A

TB test
-skin test

71
Q

The veins most often used for initiating IV lines

A

-anterior forearm
-posterior hand
-radial aspect of the wrist
-antecubital space

71
Q

most common place for injection

A

anticutible

72
Q

most common injection

A

-antecubital
-cephalic vein
-basilic vein

73
Q

what side is cephalic on

A

hand thumb side

74
Q

what side is basilic on

A

pinky side

75
Q

concentration of solution

A

osmolarity

76
Q

increase atomic number
* iodide, barium

A

positive contrast

76
Q

thickness

A

viscosity

76
Q

has air
- low atomic number

A

negative contrast

76
Q

IV injection used what type of needle

A

-hypodermic needle
-butterfly set needle

76
Q

what happens with risk of reaction when osmolarity of contrast agent increases

A

as osmolarity of contrast agent increases risk of reaction increases

77
Q

What is the normal drip rate for an IV fluid

A

15 to 20 drops/min is about 60mL an hour

77
Q

how to reduce thickness of a medication

A

put in warmer

77
Q

rapid injection of contrast

A

Bolus

77
Q

bolus injection is also known as

A

IV push

78
Q

what happens if the bag is placed too low

A

IF THE BAG IS PLACED LOWER THAN THE VEIN, BLOOD WILL FLOW BACK
INTO THE CATHETER OR TUBING AND MAY CLOT, CAUSING THE FLUID TO
STOP FLOWING.

78
Q

How high should an IV bag be above the vein

A

18 to 20 inches

78
Q

If the injection site is cool, swollen, and boggy the iv solution is what

A

may have infiltrated

78
Q

what happens if the bag is too high

A

AN IV SOLUTION THAT IS TOO HIGH MAY CAUSE FLUID TO INFILTRATE
INTO THE SURROUNDING TISSUES BECAUSE OF THE INCREASED
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE.

79
Q

PAINFUL AND OFTEN DANGEROUS CONDITION
TREATMENT IS TO APPLY COLD PACKS TO THE SITE.
INCIDENT REPORT MUST BE FILED.

A

Extravasation

79
Q

what do you do if there is infiltration /extravasation

A

apply cold packs

80
Q

agents that cause blistering if infiltrated into subcutaneous tissue

A

vesicants

80
Q

steps for DISCONTINUING AN IV

A

PERFORM HAND HYGIENE AND DON GLOVES.
* EXPLAIN PROCEDURE TO PATIENT.
* CLOSE THE DRIP CONTROL.
* GENTLY REMOVE ADHESIVE TAPE AROUND
CATHETER TO EXPOSE VEIN.
* REMOVE CATHETER WITH A SINGLE LONG,
SMOOTH PULL.
* CHECK TIP TO ENSURE IT IS INTACT.
* APPLY PRESSURE TO SITE WITH DRY COTTON
BALL OR GAUZE FOR 1 MINUTE.
* APPLY STERILE ADHESIVE BANDAGE OR TAPE
COTTON BALL TO SITE.
* DOCUMENT IV REMOVAL IN CHART
* REMOVE GLOVES AND PERFORM HAND
HYGIENE.

81
Q

materials needed for discontinuing an IV

A

-gloves
-a sterile adhesive bandage
-bandage scissors
-cotton balls
-gauze sponges
-tape

82
Q

list some Precautions of all injections

A

-WEAR GLOVES
-DISPOSE OF ALL SYRINGES AND NEEDLES DIRECTLY INTO
A PUNCTURE-PROOF CONTAINER WITHOUT RECAPPING.
-USE SAFETY-DESIGNED NEEDLES AND NEEDLELESS
DEVICES WHENEVER POSSIBLE.
-ALWAYS FOLLOW ESTABLISHED RULES OF ASEPTIC
TECHNIQUE.
-READ THE LABEL THREE TIMES: BEFORE DRAWING UP
THE MEDICATION, AFTER DRAWING IT UP, AND WITH THE
PHYSICIAN BEFORE ADMINISTRATION.
-LABEL THE SYRINGE WITH THE MEDICATION NAME AND
STRENGTH (CONCENTRATION) IF THE MEDICATION WILL
NOT BE ADMINISTERED IMMEDIATELY.
-CHECK PATIENT ID BEFORE ADMINISTRATION.
-CHECK FOR ALLERGIES.
-MONITOR PATIENT CAREFULLY FOR SIDE EFFECTS.

83
Q

radiographers who chart medications must use the exact procedure established by the institution

A

Charting medications

83
Q

Monitoring IV fluids

A
  • CALL IN ADVANCE TO INFORM THE NURSE OF LENGTHY
    PROCEDURES.
  • PLUG IN THE PUMP RATHER THAN RELYING ON BATTERY
    POWER.
  • WATCH IV FLUID LEVELS, AND ALLOW TIME FOR
    REPLACEMENT BEFORE THE IV FLUID IS EXHAUSTED.
  • IF AN IV SET RUNS OUT, OR IF THE ALARM SOUNDS, CALL
    THE NURSING SERVICE IMMEDIATELY RATHER THAN
    WAITING UNTIL THE PATIENT IS RETURNED TO THE
    NURSING UNIT.
84
Q

-each entry must be signed
-contrast media are charted as medication
*contrast agent’s name
*volume administered
*date and time of administration

A

Charting medication

85
Q

Range for BUN

A

7-21
above 21 kidneys are not functioning properly

86
Q

What are the routine entry made in proper section when charting of a medication?

A

-date
-time of day
-drug name
-dosage
-route of administration

86
Q

Range for creatinine

A

0.7-1.5
too high kidneys are not functioning properly to be able to not filter out iodinated contrast

87
Q

rate at which glomerulus within the kidney filter waste from the blood

A

Globular filtration rate

87
Q

Range for GFR

A

90-120
below 90 is not good indicating kidneys are not filtering adequately

87
Q

what does GFR stand for

A

Globular filtration rate

87
Q

what type of relationship does BUN and Creatinine have with GFR

A

inverse

88
Q

schedule these studies in order :
IVU , UGI, BE, KUB

A
  1. KUB
  2. IVU
  3. BE
  4. UGI
88
Q

An IV line is established usig what types of needles

A

butterfly needle or an IV catheter

88
Q

increase BUN or Creatine

A

decrease kidney function (GFR)

88
Q

how should certain exams be scheduled

A

no contrast studies first
-iodine studies filter out quicker
-lower gi
-upper gi

89
Q

intradermal injections used what type of injection

A

tuberculin syringe

90
Q

what is the most convenient area for subcutaneous injection

A

upper arm and outer aspect of thigh

91
Q

govern the rate of fluid administration or to deliver measured amounts of drugs at regular intervals

A

medication pumps

Patient Care ll (mine) (5 decks)

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