Chapter 14 - Medication Information

Question 1

What is absorption?

Answer 1

process by which a drug moves from the site of administration into systemic circulation

Question 2

What is an agonist?

Answer 2

drug that produces a specific action and promotes the desired result

Question 3

What is an allergen?

Answer 3

substance to which a sensitivity has been established

Question 4

What is an allergic reaction?

Answer 4

occurs when a patient is sensitized to the initial dose and develops an allergic response to the allergen

Question 5

What is an analgesic, and what are some examples?

Answer 5

drugs that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness
opioid:
VICODIN - hydrocodone
PERCOCET - oxycodone
MS CONTIN - morphine
DEMEROL - meperidine
DILAUDID - hydromorphone
SUBLIMAZE - fentanyl
non-opioid:
NSAIDS
TYLENOL - acetaminophen

Question 6

What is an anesthetic and what are some examples?

Answer 6

a drug that is capable of producing a complete or partial loss of feeling (anesthesia):
XYLOCAINE - lidocaine

Question 7

What is an antagonist and what are some examples?

Answer 7

a drug that attaches to a receptor to prevent an agonist from acting:
ROMAZICON - flumazenil (counteracts effects of benzodiazepines)
NARCAN - naloxone (counteracts the effects of opiates)

Question 8

What is an antidote?

Answer 8

a specific drug that treats a toxic effect

Question 9

What is distribution?

Answer 9

means by which a drug travels from the bloodstream to the target tissue and site of action

Question 10

What is a drug?

Answer 10

a substance used in diagnosis, treatment, disease prevention, or as a component of a medication

Question 11

What is edema?

Answer 11

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces; swelling

Question 12

What is efficacy?

Answer 12

the effectiveness of a drug

Question 13

What is excretion?

Answer 13

the elimination of drugs from the body after they have been metabolized (kidneys, intestines, lungs, breast milk, exocrine glands)

Question 14

What is a generic?

Answer 14

a name for a medication that identifies its chemical name or family

Question 15

What does it mean for a reaction to be idiosyncratic?

Answer 15

patient overreacts, underreacts, or has an unusual reaction

Question 16

What is a medication?

Answer 16

a substance prescribed for treatment that produces therapeutically useful effects

Question 17

What is metabolism?

Answer 17

the process by which the body transforms drugs into an inactive form that can be excreted from the body (usually happens in the liver)

Question 18

What is a metabolite?

Answer 18

a product of metabolism that can be excreted

Question 19

What does it mean to metabolize something?

Answer 19

its composition is physically and chemically changed

Question 20

What is a narcotic?

Answer 20

a substance that produces insensibility or stupor and may lead to physical dependence

Question 21

What is an opiate?

Answer 21

a natural derivative of opium

Question 22

What is an opioid?

Answer 22

a drug that acts similarly to morphine:
morphine
codeine
DEMEROL - meperidine

Question 23

What are pharmacodynamics?

Answer 23

the study of the effects of drugs on the normal physiological functions of the body

Question 24

What are pharmacokinetics?

Answer 24

the study of the way the body processes a drug, including the way it is absorbed, how it reaches the site of activity, how it is metabolized, and how it exits the body

Question 25

What is potency?

Answer 25

the strength of a drug

Question 26

What does it mean to be potent?

Answer 26

powerful

Question 27

What is a sedative?

Answer 27

medication that induces a state of quiet, calmness, or sleepiness *barbiturates:* phenobarbital

Question 28

What is a synergistic effect?

Answer 28

when two or more components work together to produce a combined, greater effect

Question 29

What does it mean to be toxic?

Answer 29

poisonous (more likely to happen when dehydrated and unable to excrete)

Question 30

What is toxicity?

Answer 30

the potential for a drug to do harm

Question 31

What is a tranquilizer?

Answer 31

a drug that calms anxiety or agitation, ideally without decreasing consciousness *benzodiazepines:* ATIVAN - lorazepam VALIUM - diazepam VERSED - midazolam (amnesia and sedation)

Question 32

What is a therapeutic effect?

Answer 32

action of a drug on specific cells that results in anticipated outcomes (when drug locks into receptor)

Question 33

What medications can be used to treat allergic reactions?

Answer 33

BENADRYL - diphenhydramine ADRENALIN - epinephrine SOLU-MEDROL - methylprednisolone

Question 34

What is an antimicrobial, and what are some examples?

Answer 34

includes antiseptics: alcohol BETADINE - iodine antibiotics: BACTRIM - smz/tmp antibacterials, and antifungals

Question 35

What is an anticonvulsant and what are some examples?

Answer 35

medication used to treat chronic seizure disorders: DILANTIN - phenytoin VALIUM - diazepam

Question 36

What is an antiarrhythmic and what are some examples?

Answer 36

medication used to treat chronic cardiac arrhythmias: PACERONE - amiodarone QUINIDEX - quinidine lidocaine

Question 37

What is a paralytic agent and what are some examples?

Answer 37

a skeletal muscle relaxant that temporarily paralyzes all muscles - artificial respiration is necessary: ANECTINE - succinylcholine MIVACRON - mivacurium metocurine gallamine

Question 38

What is a hypoglycemic agent and what are some examples?

Answer 38

drug used to control the level of glucose in the blood: insulin GLUCOTROL - sulfonylurea GLUCOPHAGE - metformin ELIQUIS - apixaban PRADAXA - dabigatran XARELTO - rivaroxaban

Question 39

What is an antihypertensive and what are some examples?

Answer 39

a drug that reduces blood pressure *ace inhibitors:* CAPOTEN - captopril VASOTEC - enalapril PRINIVIL - lisinopril *beta-blockers:* INDERAL - propranolol LOPRESSOR - metoprolol

Question 40

A common side effect of an anticholinergic drug is: A. nausea B. dry mouth C. bruising or spontaneous bleeding D. constipation

Answer 40

B. dry mouth

Question 41

Medications used to regulate blood glucose levels include insulin and metformin. These medications are classified as: A. antiarrhythmics B. anticonvulsants C. analgesics D. hypoglycemic agents

Answer 41

D. hypoglycemic agents

Question 42

Opioid medications are prescribed for the purpose of: A. alleviating pain B. reversing the effects of opium C. regulating heart rhythm D. preventing infection

Answer 42

A. alleviating pain

Question 43

The name given to a medication by the manufacturer is called its ______________ name. A. chemical B. proprietary C. generic D. common

Answer 43

B. proprietary

Question 44

Narcan is an antagonist drug that may be given in cases of an overdose of a(n) __________________medication. A. opiate B. benzodiazepine C. anticholinergic D. hypoglycemic

Answer 44

A. opiate

Question 45

The method by which drug metabolites are eliminated from the body is called: A. absorption B. assimilation C. excretion D. distribution

Answer 45

C. excretion

Question 46

An idiosyncratic medication reaction is one that is: A. additive B. allergic C. therapeutic D. unusual

Answer 46

D. unusual

Question 47

A common medication that is classed as both a tranquilizer and an anticonvulsant is: A. meperidine B. diphenhydramine C. Betadine D. diazepam

Answer 47

D. diazepam

Question 48

The intended effect of succinylcholine chloride is: A. anesthesia B. muscle paralysis C. heart stimulation D. sedation

Answer 48

B. muscle paralysis

Question 49

Diphenhydramine is classified as a(n) _____________ medication. A. antihistamine B. analgesic C. anticholinergic D. ACE inhibitor

Answer 49

A. antihistamine