Chapter 14 - Memory Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 14 - Memory Deck (25)
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1
Q
A
2
Q

Memory

A

ability to recall or recognize previous experiences

  • NOT a unitary phenomenon
    • permanent or erasable
    • limited or unlimited in capacity
    • conscious or unconscious

different brain regions underlie different memory types

3
Q

Memory Classification Based on Conscious Awareness

A

Explicit vs. Implicit Memory

4
Q

Explicit Memory

A

conscious memory for particular detail/event

5
Q

Implicit Memory

A

memory that influences thoughts/behaviors unconsciously

6
Q

Explicit Memory

→ (2) types

A

a) Semantic
b) Episodic

7
Q

EXPLICIT Memory

a) Semantic

A

facts/knowledge

8
Q

EXPLICIT Memory

b) Episodic

A

life events

  • linked to time periods*
  • personal role/involvement*
  • emotional state*
9
Q

Amnesia

A

refers to loss of explicit memories

10
Q

Explicit Memory Impairments (2)

A

a) RETROGRADE Amnesia
b) ANTEROGRADE Amnesia

11
Q

EXPLICIT MEMORY IMPAIRMENTS

a) RETROGRADE Amnesia

A

lack of explicit memories for info PRIOR to onset

mostly episodic, some semantic (with ↑ damage)

12
Q

EXPLICIT MEMORY IMPAIRMENTS

b) ANTEROGRADE Amnesia

A

Inability to form new explicit memories after onset

experienced 1st in Alzheimers

13
Q

Implicit Memory

(2) types

A

a) Procedural
b) Implicit (Nonprocedural)

14
Q

IMPLICIT MEMORY

a) Procedural

A

how to do something

“muscle memory”

15
Q

IMPLICIT MEMORY

b) Implicit (Nonprocedural)
* demonstrated by?

A

memory for fact/thing BUT not aware or able to access consciously

  • demonstrated by relearning & priming tasks
16
Q

Memory Classification Based on Duration

A

Short-Term Memory

Long-Term Memory

17
Q

Duration of:

Short-Term Memory

Long-Term Memory

A

ST: secs → mins

LT: indefinite

18
Q

Dissociating Memory Circuits

A

no single place in brain identified as location of memory/learning (formation/storage/recall)

19
Q

Henry Molaison

A

bilateral medial-temporal lobe lesion to relieve epilepsy

Anterograde Amnesia

  • inability to form new EM’s

✓ STMs

✓ new IM’s

20
Q

JK

A

Parkinson’s in mid-70s → memory problems

  • damage to substantia nigra of Basal Ganglia

x IM → procedural memory

✓ old/new explicit LTMs

STMs

21
Q

Neural Systems Underlying Memories

EXPLICIT MEMORY

A

info processing & storagecortices

memory formation & consolidation

→ temporal-lobe structures - LTM formation

  • perirhinal (object) & parahippocampal (spatial) → entorhinal cortex (integration)

hippocampus - consolidation

→ (WM & episodic storage) prefrontal cortex ↔ medial thalamus

22
Q

Neural Systems Underlying Memories

Explicit Memory → Short-Term

A

info processing & storage → cortices

prefrontal cortex - working memory & episodic memory storage

23
Q

Temporal-Lobe Structures

A

central to LT explicit memory formation

perirhinal (object, what?)

parahippocampal (spatial, where?)

enterorhinal cortex

24
Q

Neural Systems Underlying Memories

Implicit Memory - NONPROCEDURAL

A

info processing & storage

→ cortices

memory formation → temporal-lobe structures

consolidation → hippocampus

prefrontal cortex NOT involved

25
Q

Neural Systems Underlying Memories

→ Procedural Implicit Memory

A

processing → neocortex

formation → basal ganglia

ventral thalamus → pre-motor cortex

basal ganglia involved in complex motor tasks

cerebellum involved in simple/reflexive sensory-motor tasks