Chapter 14- Mental Disorders Flashcards
(41 cards)
Developmental disability
Affects intellectual skills and adaptive functioning; onset before age of 18
Mental retardation
Etiology- hereditary, embryonic, prenatal, perinatal, postnatal, medical conditions, environment
Diagnosis- IQ tests plus at least 2 of the following factors: communication, home living, self care, social, self direction, health, safety
Mental retardation
Genius over 140 Very superior 120-139 Superior 110-119 Average 90-109 Dull 80-89 Borderline deficiency 70-79 Moron 50-69 Imbecile 20-49 Idiot below 20
Stanford Binet intelligence scale
Usually onset is between 2-7 years old
Treatment is speech therapy
Stuttering
Extreme withdrawal
Obsessive behavior
Autistic disorder (autism)
Hyperactivity and impulsivity
Sx usually before age of 7
Etiology- Unknown. Familial pattern
Treatment- medications, behavioral therapy
Attention-deficit hyperactivity
ADHD
Sudden rapid, recurrent motor movement or vocalization that is nonrhythmic
Examples- eye blinking, facial grimacing, coughing, neck jerking
Tic disorders
multiple motor tics with vocal tics
Tourette’s
progressive, general deterioration of mental faculties
Dementia
loss of mental and physical functioning
Alzheimer disease
dx only possible after death; senile plaques
Alzheimer disease
onset usually in adolescence or young adulthood. Prodromal signs, delusions, disorganized thinking, hallucinations common
Schizophrenia
type of mood disorder = manic depressive disorder
abnormally intense mood swings
etio –no clear cause, chemical imbalance
dx–psychological evaluation
tx–lithium; antidepressants (used with caution)
Bipolar Disorder
= affective disorder or mood disorder
persistent sadness, despair, sleep disturbance, loss of
concentration, thoughts of suicide
etio–not understood, biologic basis
dx–depressed mood lasting 2 weeks, with 4 symptoms
tx–meds and psychotherapy
Major Depressive Disorder
chronic constant worry, causeless
generalized anxiety disorder
unfocused anxiety, reaches peak in 10 minutes
panic disorder
irrational fear, specific object
phobic disorder
obsession = thoughts compulsions = actions
obsessive-compulsive disorder
cause is external event, painful in nature, avoid being
reminded of event
sx–may appear soon, or may be delayed
etio–severe cases most often caused by human action
occurrences
dx–hx of symptoms
tx–counseling and medications
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
somatic symptoms
with no underlying clinical pathology; sx relate
to 4 or more areas
somatization disorder
anxiety is converted to
physical sx
etio–stressful situation
conversion disorder (hysteria)
sx of physical illness with no evidence of
illness. Preoccupation with fear of having a serious disease; vague symptoms
Hypochondriasis
patient simulates illness to get tx sometimes makes themselves or children sick
Munchausen syndrome
difficulty in falling asleep
insomnia