Chapter 14: Mixtures and Solutions

Question 1

Colloids (Settles?, Scatters Light?, Relative Particle Size, Ex)

Answer 1

No; Yes; Medium; Corn starch + H2O

Question 2

Solutions (Settles?, Scatters Light?, Relative Particle Size, Ex)

Answer 2

No; No; Smallest; Sugar + H2O

Question 3

Suspensions (Settles?, Scatters Light?, Relative Particle Size, Ex)

Answer 3

Yes; Yes; Largest; Sand + H2O

Question 4

Heterogeneous

Answer 4

Non-uniform

Question 5

Homogeneous

Answer 5

Uniform

Question 6

Alloys

Answer 6

Solid solutions of metals

Question 7

Colloids

Answer 7

Suspensions of particles large enough to stay suspended, but not small enough to settle, suspended by Brownian Motion

Question 8

Tyndall Effect

Answer 8

Scattering of light by a colloid

Question 9

Solutions

Answer 9

Homogeneous mixtures of two or more pure substances

Question 10

Solvent

Answer 10

Most abundant material

Question 11

Solutes

Answer 11

Everything else

Question 12

Brownian Motion

Answer 12

The process of keeping particles aloft in a fluid mixture, caused by collisions with other molecules

Question 13

Soluble

Answer 13

A gas or solid that can dissolve in a given solvent

Question 14

Insoluble

Answer 14

A gas or solid that will not dissolve in a given solvent

Question 15

Miscible

Answer 15

2 liquids that form a solution

Question 16

Immiscible

Answer 16

2 liquids that can’t form a solution

Question 17

“Like Dissolves Like”

Answer 17

Polar solvents dissolve polar and ionic solutes; Non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar solutes

Question 18

Concentration

Answer 18

Amount of solute in a given amount of solvent

Question 19

Thixotropic Mixtures

Answer 19

Solid-like mixture that may become fluid when stirred or agitated

Question 20

Qualitative Ways To Express Concentration

Answer 20

1. Strong
2. Weak
3. Concentrated
4. Dilute

Question 21

Quantitative Ways To Express Concentration

Answer 21

1. % by mass
2. % by volume
3. Molarity (M)
4. Molality (m)
5. Mole fraction
6. Dilution Equation

Question 22

Molarity (M)

Answer 22

moles solute/L solution = moles dm^-3

Question 23

[ ]

Answer 23

Molar concentration

Question 24

Equation Relating Molarity & Volume

Answer 24

M1V1=M2V2

Question 25

Unsaturated

Answer 25

A solution in which more solute may be dissolved (Dissolution>crystallization)

Question 26

Saturated

Answer 26

A solution in which no more solute may dissolve (Dissolution=crystallization)

Question 27

Supersaturated

Answer 27

An unstable solution that holds more solute than normally possible (Dissolution

Question 28

Colligative Properties

Answer 28

Physical properties of solvents that change with [solute particles]; Increase [solute particles] = increase [solute] = increase (moles particles/mole solute) = increase boiling point, decrease freezing point, decrease vapor pressure, & increase osmotic pressure

Question 29

Osmosis

Answer 29

Diffusion over a semi-permeable membrane - water moves to equalize concentrations

Question 30

Freezing Point Depression

Answer 30

Solute particles interfere with crystal formation

Question 31

Vapor Pressure Depression

Answer 31

1. Solute particles @ surface of liquid block sites for escape of solvent vapor 2. Solute particles "hold on" to solvent molecules, making it harder for molecules to escape as a vapor

Question 32

Boiling Point Elevation

Answer 32

Because boiling point occurs when vapor pressure > or = atmospheric pressure, if vapor pressure is decreased by solute, a higher boiling point is needed to increase vapor pressure

Question 33

Solvation

Answer 33

Process of dissolving one substance in another

Question 34

Factors Affecting Rate Of Solvation

Answer 34

1. Stirring 2. Surface Area 3. Temperature 4. Pressure (Gases Only) 5. Nature Of Solute & Solvent

Question 35

Formation Of Solutions

Answer 35

Intermolecular forces between solute and solvent particles must be strong enough to compete with those between solute particles and those between solvent particles - As solution forms, solvent pulls solute particles apart and surrounds or solivates them

Question 36

Gas Solubility

Answer 36

1. Increase pressure = increase solubility 2. Decrease temp = increase solubility 3. Increase molecular mass = increase solubility (due to LDF)

Question 37

Solubility Curves

Answer 37

Visual representation of temp vs solubility