Chapter 17: Chemical Equilibrium Flashcards
(16 cards)
Activity Series
Used to predict if a single replacement reaction will occur
Equilibrium (Chemistry)
2 opposite processes occuring @ the same rate
Rate
Change in something divided by change in time
When Non-Reversible Reactions Stop
Go until one reactant used up
Typical Way To Reach Equilibrium In Reactions
Many reactions reach equilibrium when reactants of forward and reverse reaction are the same rate
Concentration At Equilibrium
At equilibrium, concentration is constant
Equilibrium Constant (K)
Mathematical description of a reaction
[Product 1]^coefficient * [Product 2]^coefficient *…/[Reactant 1]^coefficient * [Reactant 2]^coefficient *…
Equilibrium Constant (K) Relating Relative Concentrations Of Products & Reactants
K about 1: [Products] about [Reactants]
K»_space; 1: [Products] > [Reactants]
K «_space;1: [Products] < [Reactants]
Law of Mass Action
At equilibrium, the ratio [Products]/[Reactants], for a given reaction at the same temperature is a constant
Le Chatelier’s Principle
If an equilibrium system is subjected to a stress, the system will shift to counteract that stress
Stress
Change in [Product] or [Reactant]; change in pressure or volume of container (when gases are present); change in temperature; Not Catalyst
How Changes Affect Le Chatelier’s Principle
Increase of something equals a shift away from that side; decrease equals a shift toward that side
Solubility Product (Ksp)
Ions multiplied, coefficients become exponents (ionic compound); indicates solubility; larger Ksp = larger solubility
Mass Action Expression
Reaction quotient (Q) or Equilibrium constant (K)
Reaction Quotient (Q)
The mass action expression at any moment in the reaction, not just equilibrium
K Relating To Q
If K=Q, @ equilibrium
If K≠Q, not @ equilibrium
Q>K, shift reverse direction
Q<K, shift forward direction
