Chapter 14 Packet

Question 1

An exclusive or rigid social distinction based on birth, wealth, occupation, and so forth

Answer 1

caste

Question 2

One who advocates policies favoring native-born citizens and displays hostility or prejudice toward immigrants

Answer 2

nativist

Question 3

a large establishment for the manufacturing of goods, including buildings and substantial machinery

Answer 3

factory

Question 4

A distinguishing symbol or word used by a manufacturer on its goods,usually registered by law to protect against imitators

Answer 4

trademark

Question 5

the legal certification of an original invention, product, or process, guaranteeing its holder sole rights to profits from its use or reproduction for a specified period of time

Answer 5

patent

Question 6

legal responsibility for loss or damage

Answer 6

liability

Question 7

the organization of individuals into an institutional entity with legal defined privileges and responsibilities

Answer 7

incorporation

Question 8

an organization of workers-usually wage-earning workers- to promote the interests and welfare of its members, often by collective bargaining with employers

Answer 8

labor union

Question 9

an organized work stoppage by employees in order to obtain better wages, working conditions, and so on

Answer 9

strike

Question 10

an individual or group who uses its accumulated funds or private property to produce goods or services for profit in a market

Answer 10

capitalist

Question 11

a toll road

Answer 11

turnpike

Question 12

later descendants or subsequent generations

Answer 12

posterity

Question 13

in economics, the relative efficiency in the production of goods and services, measured in terms of the quantity of goods or services produced by workers in a certain length of time

Answer 13

productivity

Question 14

the direct exchange of goods or services for one another, without the use of cash or any other medium of exchange

Answer 14

barter

Question 15

american frontier life was often plagued by poverty and illness

Answer 15

true

Question 16

Even as they often despoiled nature, Americans celebrated the spectacular American landscape and wilderness as a defining element of national culture and identity

Answer 16

True

Question 17

The growing cheapness and speed of transatlantic steamships made the United States the preferred destination for European immigrants

Answer 17

True

Question 18

The primary cause of nativist hostility to Irish immigrants was their frequent involvement in fights and street gangs

Answer 18

False

Question 19

The early industrial revolution was greatly advanced by Eli Whitney’s introduction of the system of interchangeable parts

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Early labor unions made very slow progress, partly because the strike weapon was illegal and ineffective

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Most married women in the earl nineteenth century worked only part-time and contributed their income to the support of their families

Answer 21

False

Question 22

The child-centered family developed in the early nineteenth century partly because Americans deliberately limited the number of their children

Answer 22

True

Question 23

The erie canal greatly lowered the cost of midwestern agricultural products in the markets of eastern big cities and even europe

Answer 23

True

Question 24

The railroad gained quick acceptance as a safer and more efficient alternative to waterbound transportation

Answer 24

False

Question 25

In the sectional division of labor that developed before the Civil War, the South provided corn and meat to feed the nation, the Midwest produced industrial goods and textiles, and the Northeast supplied financial and communications services

Answer 25

False

Question 26

The growth of the market economy increasingly undermined the family's role as a self-sufficient producing unit and made the home a place of refuge from work

Answer 26

True

Question 27

By 1850, permanent telegraph lines had been stretched across both the Atlantic Ocean and the North American Continent

Answer 27

False

Question 28

The advances in manufacturing and transportation decreased the gap between rich and poor in America

Answer 28

False

Question 29

In the 1830s, new legal and governmental policies prohibiting chartered business monopolies encouraged competition and aided the market economy

Answer 29

True

Question 30

In 1850, over one-half of the American population was

Answer 30

under the age of thirty

Question 31

Writers like James Fenimore Cooper and Herman Melville explored characters who exemplified the American frontier's cultural emphasis on

Answer 31

rugged individualism

Question 32

Americans came to look on their spectacular western wilderness areas especially as

Answer 32

A distinctive and inspirational feature of American national identity

Question 33

Compared to European immigration to other countries like Australia and Argentina, immigrants to the United States were

Answer 33

from a greater diversity of European countries

Question 34

The two leading sources of European immigration to America in the 1840s and 1850s were

Answer 34

Germany and Ireland

Question 35

Many nineteenth-century Americans feared and distrusted Roman Catholicism because

Answer 35

E

Question 36

Industrialization was, at first, slow to arrive America because

Answer 36

A

Question 37

The first industry to be substantially dominated by the new factory system of mass manufacturing was the

Answer 37

E

Question 38

Wages for most American workers rose in the early nineteenth century, except for the most exploited workers like

Answer 38

D

Question 39

A major change affecting the American family in the early nineteenth century was

Answer 39

a decline in the average number of children per household

Question 40

In early nineteenth century America, almost all the women who worked for wages in the new factories were

Answer 40

young and single

Question 41

The greatest economic and political impact of New York's Erie Canal was to

Answer 41

C

Question 42

The new regional division of labor created by improved transportation meant that the South specialized in

Answer 42

A

Question 43

Free incorporation laws, limited liability laws, and the Supreme Court's decision prohibiting state governments from granting irrevocable charters to corporations all greatly aided

Answer 43

D

Question 44

One major effect of industrialization was a/an

Answer 44

rise in the gap between rich and poor

Question 45

new york democratic machine organization that exemplified the growing power of Irish immigrants in American politics

Answer 45

Tammany hall

Question 46

Semisecret irish organization that became a benevolent society aiding Irish immigrants in America

Answer 46

Ancient Order of Hiberians

Question 47

Liberal German refugees who fled failed democratic revolutions and came to America

Answer 47

Forty eighters

Question 48

Popular nickname of the secretive, nativist American Party that gained considerable, temporary success in the 1850s by attacking immigrants and Catholics

Answer 48

Know nothing party

Question 49

The transformation of manufacturing that began in Britain about 1750

Answer 49

Industrial revolution

Question 50

Whitney's invention that enhanced cotton production and have new life to black slavery

Answer 50

Cotton gin

Question 51

Principle that permitted individual investors to risk no more capital in a business venture that their own share of a corporations stock

Answer 51

Limited liability

Question 52

Major European exposition in 1851 that provided a dazzling showcase for the American inventions of Samuel Morse, Cyrus mcCormick, and Charles Goodyear

Answer 52

London worlds fair

Question 53

Massachusetts Supreme Court decision of 1842 that overturned the widespread doctrine that labor unions were illegal conspiracies in restraint of trade

Answer 53

Commonwealth v hunt

Question 54

Term for the widespread nineteenth-century cultural creed that glorified women's roles as wives and mothers in the home

Answer 54

Cult of domesticity

Question 55

Cyrus McCormicks invention that vastly increased the productivity of the am exam grain farmer

Answer 55

McCormick reaper

Question 56

The only major highway constructed by the federal government before the Civil War (either of the two names for the highway are acceptable)

Answer 56

National highway

Question 57

The name of Robert Fulton's first steamship that sailed up the Hudson River in 1807

Answer 57

Clermont

Question 58

Clinton's Big Ditch that transformed transportation and economic life across the Great Lakes region from Buffalo to Chicago

Answer 58

Erie Canal

Question 59

Short lives but spectacular service that carried mail from Missouri to California in only ten days

Answer 59

Pony express

Question 60

Immigrant mechanic who initiated American industrialization by setting up his cotton-spinning factory in 1791

Answer 60

Samuel Slater

Question 61

Escaped nun whose lurid book awful disclosures became an anti catholic best seller in the 1830s

Answer 61

Maria Monk

Question 62

Weapons manufacturer whose popular revolver used Whitney's system of interchangeable parts

Answer 62

Samuel Colt

Question 63

Yankee mechanical genius who revolutionized cotton production and created the system of interchangeable parts

Answer 63

Eli Whitney

Question 64

Inventor of a Machine that revolutionized the ready made clothing industry

Answer 64

Elias Howe

Question 65

Painter turned inventor who developed the first reliable system for instant communication across distance

Answer 65

Samuel FB Morse

Question 66

Prominent figure who helped turn teaching into a largely female profession

Answer 66

Catharine Beecher

Question 67

Agitators against immigrants and Roman Catholics

Answer 67

Know nothing's

Question 68

Pioneering Massachusetts Supreme Court decision that declared labor unions legal

Answer 68

Commonwealth v hunt

Question 69

Inventor of the mechanical reaper that transformed grain growing into a business

Answer 69

Cyrus McCormick

Question 70

Developed of a folly that made rivers two way streams of transportation

Answer 70

Robert Fulton

Question 71

Wealthy New York manufacturer who laid the first temporary transatlantic cable in 1858

Answer 71

Cyrus Field

Question 72

Supreme Court justice whose ruling in the Charles River bridge case opened chartered monopolies to competition

Answer 72

Roger Taney

Question 73

Radical secret Irish labor union of the 1860s and 1870s

Answer 73

Molly maguires

Question 74

New York governor who built the Erie Canal

Answer 74

Dewitt Clinton