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Psychology 105 > Chapter 14 - Personality > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Personality Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Personality

A

People’s typical thinking, feeling and behaving

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2
Q

Traits

A

Enduring predispositions influence our behaviour across many situations

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3
Q

Influences on personality

A

Genetics, environmental, non environmental

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4
Q

Sigmund freud

A

Believed mental disorders were caused by physical problems in the body

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5
Q

What allowed Freud to conclude that psychological problems were in fact just psychology problems?

A

Grande hysteria —> psychoanalytic theory

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6
Q

Psychic determinism

A

All psychological problems have a deeper cause
-dreams are important
-no mistakes or by chance

-no free will

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7
Q

Symbolic meaning

A

Everything we do, even non deliberate, has meaning
-usually sexual in nature
-dreams and symbols

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8
Q

Unconscious motivation

A

Not being able to always understand what and why we do things
-unconsciously based

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9
Q

Three core assumptions of psychoanalytic theory

A
  1. Psychic determinism
  2. Symbolic meaning
  3. Unconscious motivation
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10
Q

How does Freud view personality

A

Three main components: ID, Superego, ego

ID- (unconscious) most primal instincts operating at a primal level (sex and aggression), operates at pleasurable interval (like a baby, always needing), disregards consequences

Superego- largely unconscious, morality/right and wrong, decision making, everything in moderation (example of guilt)

Ego- pushes us to act consciously, delays gratification until appropriate,

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11
Q

Anxiety

A

Ego takes action against outside threats

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12
Q

Defense mechanism

A

Unconscious steps to minimize anxiety

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13
Q

Examples of structure of personality: someone makes you mad

A

ID-> we should punch them in the face

Superego—> is it appropriate to punch someone in the face

Ego—> lets take our anger out on something else

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14
Q

Denial

A

Used to forget distressing stimuli
-death of a loved one
-Defense mechanism

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15
Q

Displacement

A

Redirect our impulses to a more appropriate target
-Defense mechanism

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16
Q

Rationalization

A

Provide reasonable explanation for our behaviour or failures
-form of justification
-Defense mechanism

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17
Q

Psychosexual development

A

Resolving each stage bears implication for your personality development

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18
Q

Oral stage birth to 18 months

A

Focusing on the mouth

-unresolved: react to stress by depending on others reassurance, unhealthy oral behaviours (eating, drinking, smoking)

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19
Q

Anal stage 18 to 3yr

A

Excessivness, loathing, stingy

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20
Q

Phallic stage (3-6)

A

Powerful attraction to opposite sex
-girls: understand they are inferior to boys due to missing organ, desire a power that they do not physically hold

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21
Q

Latency stage (6 to 12)

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A

Impulses
-not resolved: driven by unconscious impulses, erratic, bad decisions

22
Q

Gential stage (12+)

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A

No problems with any of the stages, you will have a mature romantic relationship
- unresolved: attachment problems

23
Q

Criticism of Freud

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A

-unfalsifiable (no way to research since it’s unconscious)
-misconception of unconscious
-cannot replicate findings
-sample size (primarily studied upper class Viennese, small sample size of females)

24
Q

Key neo freudians

Study These Flashcards
A

Adler, jung, horney

25
Neo freudians
Many of freuds students -sex is a social drive rather than developmental, and hope for personal growth Maintain: unconscious influences and early experiences
26
Alder
Maintdriving force for people was superiority -people are driven towards status Pampered children at risk for inferiority complex
27
Jung
Collective unconsciousness, tap into past lives (ancestors) archetypes (collective knownedlege)
28
Horney
Feminist theorists -remained focused on female psychology with all the aspects of neo-freudians
29
Personality consists of
Behaviours observable and unobservable
30
Behavioural approaches
View personality as under control of genetic factors and contingencies -lack of thinking -habits (CC + OC)
31
Behaviouralist + free will
We do not have free will
32
Behaviouralist + unconscious
Believe in unconscious part influencing personality, we cannot be aware of everything in our environment
33
Social learning theory
Pivotal scientific theory -sees learning as important, yet argues that thinking plays a role as well -reciprocal determinism
34
Reciprocal determinism
Behaviour, cognitive factors and situational factors all influence each other
35
Social learning theories focuses on
Observational learning and individuals locus of control -can shape our personality
36
Carl rogers
Human nature as constructive, and self actualizing was a worthy goal -optimistic
37
Carl rogers rejected..
Rejected notion of determinism -> embraced free will
38
Rogers: three major components of personality
1. The organism 2. The self (beliefs) 3. Conditions of worth (expectations we place on ourselves)
39
Maslow
Said that people tend to be creative, spontaneous, and accepting of themselves and others
40
Maslow is very similar to
Medicine wheel -borrowed, stole ??
41
Conscientiousness
Responsibility and carefulness -HIGH: associated with people who get things done -LOW: sloppy, disorganized
42
Agreeableness
Ability and desire to get along with others -HIGH: want to please other people, everybody is happy -LOW: like conflict and disagreeing
43
Neuroticism
Negative emotions -HIGH: a lot of anxiety, guilty -LOW: calm, cold, distant, disconnected (does not mean happy and postive)
44
Openness
Wilingness to consider new ideas and experiences -HIGH: like to try new things, creative, spontaneous -LOW: set in their ways, close minded
45
Extra version
Sociability and liveliness -HIGH: outgoing, comfortable in social situations -LOW: introverted, prefer small gatherings, reserved
46
Structured test
Questions that respondents answer in one of a few fixed ways -true or false
47
Projective tests
Open ended tests -look at cloud tell me what you see -interpretive
48
Evaluating rorschach
Controversial —> test retest (usually don’t give the same answer) -validity
49
Thematic apperception test
Tell a story based off on a random picture -analyze with intuition -failure to tell apart psychiatric vs non psychiatric Achievement —> success and income
50
Human figure drawings
Draw a person test, clinician interprets your drawing -large eyes = suspicious -zero correlation
51
Graphology
Testing personality based on writing

Psychology 105 (8 decks)

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