Chapter 14 | Psychological Disorders

Question 1

psychopathology

Answer 1

sickness or disorder of the mind, psychological disorder

Question 2

etiology

Answer 2

factors that contribute to the development of a disorder

Question 3

moral treatment

Answer 3

created by philippe pinel, a therapy that involved close contact with and careful observation of patients

Question 4

the classifications of psychopathologies

Answer 4

hippocrates classified psychopathologies into mania, melancholia, and phrenitis (characterized as mental confusion)

Question 5

how to determine whether behavior represents psychopathology

Answer 5

(1) does the person act in a way that deviates from cultural norms for acceptable behavior?

(2) is the behavior maladaptive? that is, does the behavior interfere with the person’s ability to respond appropriately in some situations?

(3) is the behavior self-destructive, does it cause the individual personal distress, or does it threaten other people in the community?

(4) does the behavior cause discomfort and concern to others, thus impairing a person’s social relationship?

Question 6

dsm-5 disorders

Answer 6

see table 14.1 in 14.2 psychological disorders are classified into categories

Question 7

research domain criteria (rdoc)

Answer 7

a method that defines basic aspects of functioning and considers them across multiple levels of analysis, from genes to brain systems to behavior

Question 8

examples of basic domain functioning

Answer 8

attention, social communication, anxiety

Question 9

comorbidity

Answer 9

the state of many psychological disorders occurring at the same time

Question 10

p factor

Answer 10

underlying factor

Question 11

assessment

Answer 11

examination of a person’s cognitive, behavioral, or emotional functioning to diagnose possible psychological disorders

Question 12

what is the primary goal of assessment

Answer 12

to make diagnosis so that appropriate treatment can be provided

Question 13

prognosis

Answer 13

the probable outcome

Question 14

evidence-based assessment

Answer 14

an approach to clinical evaluation in which research guides the evaluation of psychopathology, the selection of appropriate psychological tests and neuropsychological methods, and the use of critical thinking in making a diagnosis

Question 15

diathesis-stress model

Answer 15

a diagnostic proposing that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability (diathesis) is coupled with a precipitating event