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PSY100 > Chapter 14 Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Psychological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Abnormal psychology

A

The study of psychological disorders

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2
Q

In ADHD, underactive frontal lobes may lead to

A

Hyperactivity and impulsivity

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3
Q

Disruption in the corpus callosum is associated with

A

ADHD

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4
Q

The frontal lobes and the prefrontal lobes appear to mature more slowly in children with

A

ADHD

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5
Q

Lower dopamine activity is associated with

A

ADHD

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6
Q

George tends to get very aggressive for no reason. At school, he throws lego blocks around whenever he doesn’t get his way. George likely suffers from

A

Conduct disorder

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7
Q

This disorder interferes with the child’s ability to attend school and to develop healthy relationships with others

A

Conduct disorder

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8
Q

Which of the following is not a factor associated with conduct disorder?
a) disadvantaged backgrounds
b) an authoritative parenting style
c) low neighborhood quality
d) paternal alcohol abuse and maternal smoking

A

b

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9
Q

Schizophrenia
a) affects both men and women with equal frequency
b) occurs between the ages of 18-25 for women
c) does not lead to catatonia
d) is synonymous with delusions

A

a

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10
Q

Someone with schizophrenia is likely to experience

A

Delusions and hallucinations

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11
Q

What is true about auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia?
a) they’re sensations correlated with increased activity in the somatosensory cortex
b) they are not imaginary
c) patients often hear their own voice
d) they seldom impact patients

A

b

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12
Q

Ella has difficulty inhibiting secondary meanings for some words. Whenever she talks, her friends get confused because she always jumps from topic to topic. Ella may have

A

Schizophrenia

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13
Q

Bob often sits in his chair in an extremely awkward position for hours, insisting that he has to do that. Bob may have
a) depression
b) schizophrenia
c) generalized anxiety disorder
d) manic episodes

A

b

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14
Q

True or false: schizophrenia is not caused by environmental factors

A

False

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15
Q

Lower___ activity might account for the emotional disturbances and social withdrawal seen in patients with schizophrenia

A

Frontal lobe

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16
Q

Teens diagnosed with schizophrenia experience a loss of ___

A

Grey matter

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17
Q

Schizophrenia is associated with abnormalities in __ activity, but treatments to reduce __ do not eliminate all symptoms

A

Dopamine

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18
Q

Disorder that serves a bridge between psychotic disorders

A

Bipolar disorder

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19
Q

Psychological disorder

A

A syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning

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20
Q

Which mental health issues are more stigmatized than others?

A

Addiction and psychotic disorders

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21
Q

What is the biomedical model to approaching mental disorders?

A

Mental disorders are brain diseases; pharmacological treatment is needed to target presumed biological abnormalities

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22
Q

The basis for the biopsychosocial model

A

In order to understand mental health, we have to understand it is caused by both biological and social/cultural factors

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23
Q

What criteria are used to determine whether someone’s behavior is normal or abnormal?

A

Maladaptive
must interfere with at least one important aspect of the person’s life

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24
Q

Psychotherapy

A

Any psychological service provided by a trained professional that primarily uses forms of communication and interaction to assess

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25
Q

Evidence-based practice involves

A

The overlap between individual clinical expertise, best scientific evidence, and patient values and expectations

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26
Q

How does psychoanalytical therapy deal with unconscious struggles?

A

It brings them to consciousness using free association and dream analysis, increasing the patient’s understanding of their own psychological processes

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27
Q

What are some of the types of psychotherapy techniques?

A

Psychoanalytical therapy
Humanistic therapy
Cognitive therapy
Behavior therapy
Pharmacotherapy

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28
Q

Attempts to modify maladaptive thought patterns

A

Cognitive therapy

29
Q

Cognitive restructuring

A

Recognising automatic thoughts, cognitive distortions, challenge/dispute the thoughts, replace with healthier/more functional thoughts

30
Q

Cognitive restructuring might be used in what type of therapy?

A

Cognitive therapy

31
Q

Behavior therapy

A

Attempts to modify maladaptive behaviors and the environments that trigger them

32
Q

Therapy where patients receive psychotropic medication

A

Pharmacotherapy

33
Q

Anxiolytics are used to treat what?

A

Anxiety

34
Q

Benzodiazepines are a type of ___ that is used to increase __ activity

A

anxiolytic; GABA

35
Q

An example of an antidepressant

A

SSRI

36
Q

What is an SSRI used for and why?

A

It is used as an antidepressant to increase serotonin levels

37
Q

Drug used to reduce positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Antipsychotic

38
Q

An antipsychotic works to treat schizophrenia by blocking

A

dopamine

39
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A mental disorder characterized by alterations in perceptions, emotions, thoughts, or consciousness

40
Q

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Delusions, hallucinations, loosening of associations, speech pattern in which thoughts are disorganized or meaningless

41
Q

Catatonia

A

Disorganized or abnormal motor behavior

42
Q

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Isolation, apathy, blunted emotion, slowed, monotonous speech

43
Q

Most effective treatment for schizophrenia

A

Pharmacological

44
Q

Neuroleptics vs atypical antipsychotics (Clozapine)

A

Neuroleptics can lead to significant, untreatable motor issues, and atypical antipsychotics have a lower risk of motor impairment

45
Q

Severe, untreatable motor issues that result from the use of neuroleptics

A

Tardive dyskinesia

46
Q

Enlarged ventricles are common in people suffering from

A

Schizophrenia

47
Q

Manic episode

A

Characterized by elevated mood, increased activity, diminished need for sleep, grandiose ideas, extreme distractibility

48
Q

Bipolar 1

A

Extreme highs alongside shorter lows

49
Q

Bipolar 2

A

Extreme lows alongside shorter highs

50
Q

Diagnosis of MDD

A

presence of depressed mood/anhedonia, difficulty concentrating, feelings of worthlessness, thoughts of death

51
Q

Potential causes of depression

A

Learned helplessness
Depressive attributional style
Beck’s cognitive triad

52
Q

Depressive attributional style

A

Attribute failures to internal, stable, global causes

53
Q

Learned helplessness

A

The belief that actions won’t lead to any solutions

54
Q

Beck’s cognitive triad

A

The idea that negative views about the world, negative views about the future, negative views about oneself, can all cause one another

55
Q

Genes affected during depression

A

Serotonin function and circadian rhythms

56
Q

Antidepressants do what

A

Reuptake inhibitors and leave serotonin in the synapse

57
Q

Electroconvulsive theory

A

Treats depression

58
Q

Deep brain stimulation

A

Treats depression

59
Q

Potential causes of anxiety disorders

A

1) cognitive factors
2) attention to and perception of threat
3) ambiguous stimuli
4) interpretation of bodily sensations

60
Q

How to treat anxiety disorders

A

Anxiolytics to increase GABA
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Exposure therapy

61
Q

Obsessions

A

Recurrent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts/ideas/mental images

62
Q

Compulsions

A

Particular acts that one feels driven to perform over and over again

63
Q

Does OCD have a genetic component

A

Yes

64
Q

How can classical and operant conditioning processes be used to explain a potential cause of OCD?

A

Anxiety is paired with the event and the behavior is linked with relief

65
Q

Underactive frontal lobes can lead to

A

Hyperactivity and impulsivity, common in individuals with ADHD

66
Q

Psychotic disorders

A

a group of serious illnesses that affect the mind

67
Q

Implanting electrodes in the brain

A

Deep brain stimulation

68
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy

A

Causing a seizure in the brain

69
Q

Phototherapy

A

Uses light or artificial light to improve the symptoms of depression

PSY100 (13 decks)

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