Chapter 14 - Sensory Systems Flashcards
The conversion of stimulus energy into an electrical signal is known as
A. transference.
B. transduction.
C. an action potential.
D. a graded potential.
B. transduction.
“The sensory modality or quality of sensation associated with a stimulus depends solely on which receptor cells are stimulated, rather than on how they are stimulated.” This generalization is known as the ___________.
principle of labeled lines
Which sense is based on indirect, G protein-coupled receptor activation?
A. Vertebrate touch
B. Insect hearing
C. Insect vision
D. Vertebrate hearing
C. Insect vision
In insects, the most common form of auditory organ is the
A. tympanal organ.
B. statocyst.
C. cochlea.
D. bristle sensillum
A. tympanal organ.
Which statement regarding the vertebrate hair cell is FALSE?
A. The vertebrate hair cell is an epithelial cell.
B. Displacement toward the kinocilium produces a depolarization.
C. Displacement away from the kinocilium produces a hyperpolarization.
D. When displaced enough toward the kinocilium, the hair cell will produce a train of action potentials.
D. When displaced enough toward the kinocilium, the hair cell will produce a train of action potentials.
Which of the following defines the main transduction process of sound?
A. The hair cell bending
B. The vibration of the ear drum
C. The vibration of the stapes on the oval window
D. Action potentials sent to the brain along the auditory nerve
A. The hair cell bending
Which statement best describes the vertebrate vestibular system?
A. Three semicircular canals detect movement via fluid that stimulates hair cells in the crista ampullaris.
B. A circular canal detects movement via fluid that stimulates the oval window.
C. Four canals, including the cochlea, detect indirect movement of hair cells.
D. The incus, malleus, and stapes detect movement by amplifying sound to the oval window.
A. Three semicircular canals detect movement via fluid that stimulates hair cells in the crista ampullaris.
In the ear, low-frequency sounds tend to displace ____________.
mainly the apex portion of the basilar membrane
Which statement about bat navigation is TRUE?
A. Bats emit high-frequency sound pulses and detect the echoes reflected by the objects around them.
B. Bats emit ultra-low-frequency sound pulses and detect the echoes reflected by the objects around them.
C. In addition to detecting echoes from sound emissions, bats have keen night vision.
D. Bats navigate by detecting sounds from animals and those reflected by the objects around them.
A. Bats emit high-frequency sound pulses and detect the echoes reflected by the objects around them.
Which statement regarding fish taste is TRUE?
A. Fish taste buds are structurally very different compared to mammalian taste buds.
B. Fish do not have taste buds.
C. Fish have taste buds on their mouth and skin.
D. Fish do not have a sense of taste, only smell.
C. Fish have taste buds on their mouth and skin.
What are the sensory system components?
- Touch
- Taste
- Smell
- Light
- Sound
What is adaptation?
Adaptation: frequency of action potentials in response to continuous and constant stimulation decreases over time
-can be 1) tonic: slowly adapting, or 2) phasic: rapidly adapting
What is an example of and adaptation in relation to skin?
Wearing clothes, first we feel them and their weight but after a while we aren’t really bothered by it
Would you expect the gazelle to have a similar or different vestibular apparatus than the cheetah?
Different, it does not have the dorsal extension of the anterior and posterior semicircular canals so they are unable to run as efficiently. Even though they do not have this structural benefit, they do possess really good hearing that can detect when predators are coming.
Describe how sound is transferred from the environment to the vestibular nerve.
Hair cells are sensitive and versatile mechanoreceptors that transduce displacement of stereocilia into a receptor potential. The major receptors for hearing and equilibrium sense.
The structure of ear effectively conveys sound-pressure waves into the inner ear, the organization of hair cells on basilar membrane allows them to respond to specific sound frequencies.
