Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PS102 > Chapter 14 Stress > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Stress Flashcards

(73 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

stress

A

response to a situation that threatens one’s sense of well being

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

stressor

A

something that triggers stress response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 types of stressors

A

Acute- short term with definite endpoint
Chronic- long term, no definite endpoint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 ways of experiencing stress

A

Frustrated: emotion when smtg prevents us from reaching a goal
Pressure: expectation/demand to act in a certain way
Conflict: discomfort bc 2 or more incompatible goals or impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Three basic types of conflict that can lead to stresss

A

approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
approach-avoidance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

approach-approach conflict

A

when someone must choose between 2 equally desirable options

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

avoidance-avoidance conflict

A

when someone must choose between 2 equally undesirable options

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

approach-avoidance

A

when any available choice has both desirable and undesirable qualities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

daily hassles

A

small, everyday issues that accumulate to become a source of stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

life changes

A

altered circumstances requiring adjustment (marriage, death, illness, breakup)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

social readjustment scale (SSRS)

A

assigns life change units to various events that can occur in one’s life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Traumatic events

A

unexpected disruptive events ex. natural disasters, witness violence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Post traumatic stress disorder

A

anxiety disorder caused by a major traumatic event, characterized by lingering and persistent, frightening thoughts or memories of the event along with anxiety and depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chronic negative situations

A

continued negative situation
living in poverty or dangerous place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

chronic illness

A

pain and limitations bc illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

chronic job stress

A

first responders deal with life threatening medical problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

existential stress

A

climate change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

tend and befriend response

A

females are more likely to have extensive and well maintained social networks than males. Females can lean on their friends when coping with stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

general adaptation syndrome

A

three-stage response to stress identified by the stages:
alarm, resistance, exhaustion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Alarm stage

A

Stage 1 of GAS
Body’s initial reaction to initial exposure to stressor
Fight or flight
Resistance is reduced
Physical arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Resistance stage

A

Stage 2 of GAS
Body attempts to stabilize if the stressor continues
Body is less able to have the energy to fight additional stressors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

diseases of adaptation

A

Occurs during stage 2 (resistance stage) of GAS, body is less able to have the energy to combat additional stressors and becomes more vulnerable to health problems: asthma, high blood pressure, impaired immune function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Exhaustion stage

A

Stage 3 of GAS
Further exposure to stressor depletes energy and resistance
If it continues the organism can suffer organ damage or die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Emotional responses to stress

A

Bodily arousal
More negative emotions
Stress goes away = more positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What determines what negative emotions accompany stress?
Depends on an individual's personal style and the stress inducing situation
26
Cognitive responses to stress
Key feature of stress is how we appraise the situation and our ability to handle it
27
primary appraisal
first step of Lazarus description of how ppl experience stress How big of a stressor is it
28
secondary appraisal
second step of Lazarus description of how ppl experience stress one's ability to deal with the stressor
29
4 individual responses to stress
autonomic reactivity, explanatory style, personality, social support
30
autonomic reactivity and stress
individual response differences in intensity of autonomic nervous system (specifically sympathetic nervous system) Ppl consistently display either high or low cardiovascular activity in response to stressor
31
explanatory style and stress (2 types)
individual response Can make a diff in how we appraise and respond to stressors Generally optimistic style Generally pessimistic style
32
generally optimistic style
Believe that despite setbacks things will get better
33
generally pessimistic style
Believe that if things can go wrong they will, gloomy
34
optimistic brand of pessimism
believe things will go wrong but hope they won't
35
personality and stress
individual response sets the tone for how we react and appraise stressors
36
hardy/stress-resistant personality
welcomes challemnges, takes control, view stressors as growth opportunities
37
Type A personality
Interact w the world in a way that causes continual stress Competitive, impatient, angry, hostile
38
Type B personality
Lower levels of stress more relaxed, less aggressive, less hostile
39
Type C personality
vulnerable to stress positive attitudes but unable to express or acknowledge negative feelings, tend to turn anger inward, take losses and relationship problems hard
40
Type D personality
D stands for distress, lots of health implications worry, gloominess and social inhibition
41
social support and stress
More social support means less stress Support may increase self-confidence in dealing with stressors Presence of others reduces bodily arousal and negative emotions
42
coping
cognitive and behavioural strategies to manage stress
43
lashing out
typically occurs after a series of stressors and involves angry words and behaviours cause psychological or physical damage Not a constructive way of dealing with stress
44
self defence
defensive, avoidant, behaviours to protect oneself from stress
45
self-disclosure
sharing of emotions and experiences with others in person/online to help deal w stress
46
repressive coping style
consistently denying negative feelings and discomfort to try and push emotions out of awareness
47
self-indulgence
help people feel better short term but do not change the challenge at hand (no long term benefit) ex alcohol, drugs, overeating
48
constructive strategies
distinguishes between two kinds of constructive strategies that are used depends partly on the nature of the problem problem focused and emotion focused
49
problem focused coping
constructive strategy efforts aimed on directly dealing with the stressor, like changing the stressor in some way
50
emotion focused coping
constructive strategy changing feelings about the stressor
51
cognitive reappraisal
finding a way to interpret the negative aspects of an uncontrollable situation so that they are less upsetting
52
coronary heart disease
2nd leading cause of death interaction of psychological factors (job stress) and physiological factors (high cholesterol, obesity, smoking)
53
Which personality type is more at risk for coronary heart disease? why?
Type A (aka coronary prone personality) Because they have stress inducing behaviours
54
Which traits make personalities more prone to coronary heart disease?
Hostility bc more stress (A) Gloominess and social inhibition (D)
55
social inhibition
tendency to avoid social interactions bc of fear of others disapproving of actions or feelings
56
psychoneuroimmunology
area of study focuses on links between stress, immune system and health
57
immune system
organs, tissues, cells, that destroy foreign invaders
58
lymphocytes
white blood cells, key in fighting bacterial and viral invaders
59
cortisol
lowers immune system functioning
60
cytokines
chronic cortisol drives up cytokine levels which leads to long term inflammation that can contribute to heart disease, stoke, illnesses
61
distress
stress caused by unpleasant situations or circumstances
62
eustress
optimal level of stress
63
purpose of social support in managing stress
helps shield us from negative effects of stress
64
inoculation
dealing with small levels of stress to improve functioning in increasingly stressful situations
65
post traumatic stress disorder
anxiety disorder in response to a traumatic event
66
Symptoms of PTSD
1) memories, dreams, nightmares of event 2) avoid activities or any reminders of the event 3) depression, anxiety guilt, fear 4) sleep problems, may feel detached from others
67
What causes PTSD?
combat, natural disasters, abuse, victimization
68
Who develops PTSD?
Any age 10% of canadians 2x common in women than men
69
Biological factors of PTSD
1) intense biochemical reactions that continue far beyond fight or flight 2) may have exaggerated sympathetic nervous system responses and blunted HPA axis responses to stress 3) may have a smaller hippocampus or the biochemical arousal may shrink hippocampus
70
Personality and PTSD
ppl with less resilient personalities are more likely to develop PTSD
71
Childhood experiences and PTSD
experiences may increase risk of developing PTSD - poverty, abuse, catastrophe at a young age
72
Personality traits associated w decreased likelihood of developing PTSD
optimism, constructive coping, more resilient
73
social environment and PTSD
individuals w strong social support are less likely to experience PTSD

PS102 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions