Chapter 14 - Urinary System Flashcards
Area of kidney where vessels, ureter, and lymphatics enter and exit
hilus
Another term for the renal fascia; the kidney is covered by the renal capsule, perirenal fat, Gerota’s fascia, and pararenal fat
Gerota’s fascia
Functional unit of the kidney; includes a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule
nephron
Carries blood into the glomerulus of the nephron
afferent arteriole
Receive urine from the renal pyramids; form the border of the renal sinus
minor calyces
Part of the nephron that consists of Bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus
renal corpuscle
Area in the midportion of the kidney that collects urine before entering the ureter
renal pelvis
Site of filtration in the kidney; contains water, salts, glucose, urea, and amino acids
Bowman’s capsule
Receives urine from the minor calyces to convey to the renal pelvis
major calyces
Small, membranous canal that excretes urine from the urinary bladder
urethra
Space behind the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity
retroperitoneum
Portion of a renal tubule lying between the proximal and distal convoluted portions; reabsorption of fluid, sodium, and chloride occurs here and in the proximal convoluted tubule
loop of Henle
One of several conical masses of tissue that form the kidney medulla; each consists of the loops of Henle and the collecting tubules of the nephrons
renal pyramid
Retroperitoneal structures that exit the kidney to carry urine to the urinary bladder
ureters
Inner portion of the renal parenchyma that contains the loop of Henle
medulla
Small vessels found at the base of the renal pyramids; appear as echogenic structures
arcuate arteries
Muscular retroperitoneal organ that serves as a reservoir for urine
urinary bladder
Part of the collecting system adjacent to the pyramid that collects urine and is connected to the major calyx
calyx
Network of capillaries that are part of the filtration process in the kidney
glomerulus
Central area of the kidney that includes the calyces, renal pelvis, renal vessels, fat, nerves, and lymphatics
renal sinus
Right posterior subhepatic space located anterior to the kidney and inferior to the liver where fluid may accumulate
Morison’s pouch
Small vessel that carries blood from the glomerulus of the nephron and conducts blood to the peritubular capillaries that surround the renal tubule
efferent arteriole
Area in the midportion of the kidney where the renal vessels and ureter enter and exit
renal hilum
Laboratory measurement of the amount of nitrogenous waste and creatinine in the blood
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)