Chapter 14 - Vocabulary

Question 1

RNA

Answer 1

A single-stranded nucleus acid with ribose sugar as its base. Can leave the nucleus unlike DNA

Question 2

Messenger RNA

Answer 2

The type of RNA that copies the code from DNA for the assembly of proteins. Travels to the cytoplasm and eventually a ribosome site of protein synthesis

Question 3

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 3

The type of RNA that wraps around proteins in cytoplasm to form ribosomes. They hold ribosomal proteins in place and carry out the chemical reactions that join amino acids together

Question 4

Transfer RNA

Answer 4

The type of RNA that carries each amino acid to a ribosome to build protein. They carry it to the mRNA in the ribosome

Question 5

Transcription

Answer 5

Synthesis of an RNA molecule from DNA. Segments of DNA serve as templates for complementary mRNA molecules.

Question 6

RNA Polymerase

Answer 6

The enzyme that builds the RNA chain during transcription. Binds to the promoter of DNA

Question 7

Promoter

Answer 7

A region of the DNA where polymerase can bind. Where RNA polymerase binds

Question 8

Intron

Answer 8

Non-coding nucleotide sequences that are scattered among the coding sequences. DO NOT BECOME PART OF MRNA

Question 9

Exon

Answer 9

A sequence of DNA that is expressed in a protein. DO BECOME PART OF MRNA

Question 10

Polypeptides

Answer 10

Long chain of amino acids that can form a protein.

Question 11

Genetic code

Answer 11

All of the codons in a particular organism. Every organisms use the same genetic code.

Question 12

Codon

Answer 12

A set of three consecutive nucleotide bases in mRNA

Question 13

Anti-codon

Answer 13

A set of three bases in tRNA that complement a codon

Question 14

Translation

Answer 14

The process that converts an mRNA into a chain of amino acids in protein. HAPPENS IN ALL CELLS.

Question 15

Mutation

Answer 15

Changes in genetic information

Question 16

Point mutation

Answer 16

Change in a single base pair

Question 17

Frameshift

Answer 17

Insertion or deletion of one or more bases

Question 18

Chromosomal mutation

Answer 18

Changes in segments of chromosomes or entire chromosomes

Question 19

Expressed

Answer 19

When a gene has been used to build a protein

Question 20

Polyadenylation

Answer 20

A stretch of RNA with only adenine bases to make the RNA more stable

Question 21

Inversión

Answer 21

When a segment of a chromosome breaks off and reattached in the reverse direction

Question 22

Translocation

Answer 22

A piece of one chromosome breaks off and attached to another chromosme

Question 23

Mutagens

Answer 23

Anything that might cause mutation

Question 24

AUG

Answer 24

Methionine (Start codon)