Chapter 14.2 Flashcards
(36 cards)
- List the names of the most common male hormone and female hormones
Male
Testosterone (androgens)
Female
Estrogens & progestins
- State the function of testicular Leydig cells and (will be on test)
create testosterone
stimulate spermatogenesis & increase male characteristics (deep voice, etc.)
Sertoli cells
Sertoli cells increase the production of androgen binding protein (ABP) & come from testosterone
- State the primary effects of sex hormones in males
Stimulate spermatogenesis - production & development of sperm
stimulate male characteristics
- Identify the established indications and other clinical uses for testosterone therapy.(will be on test)
Clinical use
Testosterone therapy can be used as testosterone replacement
Seen in post-orchiectomy - hypogonadism - age related
Breast cancer
hereditary angioedema
- State the rationale for androgen abuse.
anabolic steroid - taken to increase muscle size & strength
- State whether excessive use of large doses of androgens can increase muscle size, muscle strength, and athletic performance in healthy men.
It increases size, strength & performance but don’t know if the growth is due to hypertrophy of drugs or the excessive exercising due to increased aggressiveness
- Define the term “stacking” regarding androgen use.
taking more than 1 drug at the same time
- List the problems identified when androgens are used inappropriately.
liver damage - CV disease - abnormal bone metabolism - mood swings(aggression) - altered sexual function
- State the primary effects of sex hormones in females.
Estrogen & progesterone effect
sexual maturation - regulate uterine cycle - characteristics - periods
- State the hormonal factors influencing ovulation during the menstrual cycle.
1st half of the cycle = ESTROGEN PEAKS
Mid cycle = LH SURGE LEADING TO OVULATION
2nd half of cycle = ESTROGEN & PROGESTERONE PRODUCTION
- Identify the pharmacological uses of female sex hormones
hypogonadism, regulate uterine and menstrual cycles, menopausal symptoms, postmenopausal osteoporosis, cancer and endometriosis
- Identify the typical hormonal components of most oral contraceptives.
typically have estrogen & progesterone combined together
Alternatives
Progesterone only pills (minipill)
Progesterone implants (injections)
- State the traditional oral contraceptive administration schedule.
take active pil for 3 weeks then a placebo pill for 1 week
- List the primary actions of traditional oral contraceptives.
Mimic monthly uterine cycles but inhibit ovulation - alters development of endometrial lining - alter mucus in cervix & impedes sperm passage
- List the ingredient in the “morning after” (or Plan B) contraceptive.
levonorgestrel (Synthetic progestin)
- State how the Plan B “morning after” pill works
partial agonist of progesterone receptors so that the drug binds to receptors & impairs ability of the body to promote its own ovulation.
- List the ingredient in the abortion pill RU-486.
Mifepristone (progesterone receptor blocker) - Antiprogestin
- State how the abortion pill RU-486 works
blocks progestin which is largely responsible for sustaining the placenta & fetus, progestin receptors are blocked & there is a detachment of placenta & fetus leading to fetus death.
- List potential problems with oral contraceptives.
CV disease (strokes & MI) - cancer
- List factors that increase risk with oral contraceptives.
Smoking - family history of CV disease - Advanced age - prolonged use
- State the beneficial effects associated with estrogen replacement therapy used after menopause
bone mineralization - CV health
primary risk
Cancer - stroke - deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
- State the rationale for using selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS
Stimulates estrogen receptors on bone - blockers estrogen receptors on breast & uterus - get best effects of hormone replacements w/ out major side effects of progesterone
