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human growth and development > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Presbycusis (“old hearing” ): between ages 45-64 is the initial what? what is more difficult to make?

A

Initial decline in sensitivity to high frequencies ; grad Extends to a ll frequencies.
speech more difficult to make out

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2
Q

Wrinkles

A

Forehead : Starting in thirties · crow feet : Forties

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3
Q

when do age spots start to show up?

A

Age spots after age 50

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4
Q

wrinkles are fasters with?

A

Faster with sun exposure, and for women

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5
Q

Muscle fat

A

Increase in body fat and loss of muscle and bone

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6
Q

Middle-age spread common: fat gain in torso men

A

men : Upper abdomen, back · women:Waist, Upper arms

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7
Q

Skeleton… bones?

A

Bones broaden but become more porous

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8
Q

who is at greater risk for porous bones?

A

women

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9
Q

what does a loss of bone strength cause?

A

Loss of bone strength causes the disks in the spinal column to collapse
· Height may drop

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10
Q

reproduction: increasing complaints…?

A

increases complaints about sexual functioning

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11
Q

decreased skin…?

A

Decreased skin elasticity, loss of bone mass.

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

Benefits of hormone therapy

A

educes hot flashes and vaginal dryness Some protection against bone loss

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14
Q

Frequency of sexual activity among heterosexual couples…

A

drops

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15
Q

Sexuality in middle adulthood: best predictor

A

B e s t Predictor is relationship satisfication

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16
Q

Intensity of response declines

A

s lo w e r arousal due to clim acteric: Sex still important
Partner availability

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17
Q

what are the leading causes of death?

A

Cancer and cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of death *

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18
Q

leading incidence?

A

Leading cancer incidence is lung cancer due to cigarette smoking

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19
Q

patients with familial breast cancer…

A

Patients with familial breast cancer who respond poorly to treatment have either Brca genes

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20
Q

different heart attack symptoms?

A

women experience extreme fatigue, dizziness, palpitations, pain in upper back or arm, as well as
intense anxiety

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21
Q

what are type A people like and what do they have an increased risk of?

A

competitive , Impatient, angry, hostile
·Increased risk of heart attack

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22
Q

what are angry outbursts and what do they predict?

A

angry outburst, predicts heart disease, greater risk if high blood pressure and atherosclerosis

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23
Q

what is surprised hostility also linked to?

A

high blood pressure and heart disease

24
Q

in order to manage stress during an illness you should focus on? conider? do what regularly?

A

reevaluate situation
Focus on events you can control view life as Fluid
consider alternatives reasonable goals
· Exercise regularly.

25
Q

what should we teach people to in regards to illness?

A

assertive rather than hostile and to negotiate rather then explode; interrupts the
behavio
sponse between stress and illness

26
Q

how do you teach people to be assertive rather than hostile?

A

delay responding, mentally distracting behavior, calm self controlled, problem solving

27
Q

what does crystalized intelligence depend on?

A

· accumilated knowledge
Experience
·
·
good judgment
mastery o f social conventions

28
Q

what is crystallized intelligence valued by?

A

valued by a person’s culture

29
Q

when does crytstallized intelligene peak and when does it decline?

A

it peaks in midlife and declines in 80s

30
Q

what does fluid intelligence depend on?

A

basic information processing skills

31
Q

what three things make up fluid intelligence?

A

Detecting relationship among visual stimuli · speed of analyzing Information
working memory

32
Q

what are the three changes in executive function during middle adulthood?

A

declines in working memory, reduced inhibition, flexible shifting of attention more challenging

33
Q

what suffers more in declining working memory?

A

spatial suffers more than verbal

34
Q

what does reduced inhibtion cause?

A
  • evident on continuous performance tests
  • causes older adults to appear distractible
35
Q

in regards to attention, what becomes significantly harder?

A

substaining two tasks simultaneously, switching between mental operations is harder

36
Q

in regards to slower information processing, there is a deterioration in what as you move through what?

A

Deteriorating in neural connections
Information loss as move through cognitive system

37
Q

as you move through the cognitive system, the whole system does what?

A

whole system slows down to inspect and interpret information

38
Q

what other three declines occur that predict the deteorioration of neural connectios?

A

declines in vision, hearing and executive function, especially working memory

39
Q

what is semantic memory?

A

general knowledge base

40
Q

what is procedural memory?

A

such as how to drive a car or solve a math problem

41
Q

what is metacognitive knowledge?

A

process of thinking about ones own thinking and learning

42
Q

what three reasons cause the Ability to recall studied information to decline?

A
  • reduced use of memory strategies
  • Harder to retrieve Info from long-term memory
  • difficulty keeping attention on relative info
43
Q

what are two things adults can do to compensate loss of memory?

A

self paced tasks, training in strategies

44
Q

what are three reasons returning students don’t get their degree?

A

Ability to handle academic work Aging, gender, and ethnic stereotypes
Role overload

45
Q

The leading causes of death in middle age are?

A

cancer and CVD

46
Q

Cancer death rates increases sharply as ____decreases

A

SES

47
Q

What type of intelligence begins to decline in the twenties

A

fluid

48
Q

by midlife what happens to the retina?

A

half the rods in the retina are lost

49
Q

Which statement is true about loss of bone strength in middle adulthood

A

loss of bone strength causes the disks in the spinal cord to collapse

50
Q

who is more vulnerable to disability and illness in midlife?

A

men are more vulnerable than women to most problems in midlife

51
Q

Women age 65 and older taking HRT

A

have an elevated risk of developing alzheimers

52
Q

Women with either BRCA mutations are

A

ikely to develop early-onset breast cancer

53
Q

Merrill has a buildup of plaque in his coronary arteries, which encircle his heart and provide its muscle
oxygen and nutrients. Merrill has

A

atherosclerosis

54
Q

Middle-aged adults tend to be rational decision makers because they

A

use practical problem solving skills

55
Q
A

human growth and development (5 decks)

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