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Human Growth and Development > Chapter 17 - improved flashcards > Flashcards

Chapter 17 - improved flashcards

1
Q

in regards to functional age, what can be said about competence and performance?

A

actual competence and performance may not match chronological age

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2
Q

what exists between and within all people?

A

variations

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3
Q

can anything predict rate of aging?

A

no single biological measure can predict rate of aging

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4
Q

what are the gains in average life expectancy largely the result of?

A

reducing health risks in the first 20 to 30 years of life

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5
Q

what do some scientists believe the goal should be when it comes to life expectancy?

A

they believe the goal should be quality and not quantity

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6
Q

what are the ADL’s?

A

the activities of daily living

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7
Q

what are the IADL?

A

instrumental activities of daily living

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8
Q

what is the difference between ADL’s and IADLs?

A

ADL’s are basic self care tasks when IADL’s require some cognitive competence

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9
Q

in regards to hearing loss, what is most affected?

A

high frequencies are most affected

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10
Q

what does speech perception is this age group affect?

A

speech perception affects life satisfaction

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11
Q

what gender reports more problems with hearing?

A

men

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12
Q

in regards to vision, there is a greater sensitive to what?

A

to glagers

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13
Q

in regards to vision, what greatly decreases?

A

dark adaptation and depth perception

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14
Q

what is cataract?

A

cataract is cloudy visionw

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15
Q

what degeneration is experienced in the eye?

A

macular degeneration

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16
Q

what gender reports more problem with vision?

A

women

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17
Q

what changes in the heart as the years pass in this age group?

A

heart beat less forceful and reduced maximum heart rate bloodflow

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18
Q

what happens to lung capacity?

A

vital lung capacity is reduced by half

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19
Q

in this age group, what can be said about physical exertion?

A

there is less oxygen delivered to tissues during physical exertion

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20
Q

why are low SES and ethnic minorities likely to delay medical treatment?

A

one reason is cost and the other is perceived discrimination

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21
Q

what is morbidity?

A

the average period of ill health, suffering before death

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22
Q

what three things are extra nutrients gonna protect for this age group?

A

the immune system, bones, and against free radicals

23
Q

how can diet protect against mental disabilities?

A

eating fish high in omega 3 fatty acids offer protection against mental disabilites

24
Q

what can endurance training accomplish for older adults?

A

endurance training increases vital lung capacity

25
Q

what does weight bearing exercises improve in older adults?

A

walking, balance and posture

26
Q

what is primary aging and when does it occur?

A

primary aging are genetically influenced declines and occurs when health is good

27
Q

what is secondary agin?

A

declines due to hereditary effects and negative environmental influence

28
Q

how common is alheirmers?

A

70 percemt

29
Q

what are the first symptoms of Alzheimers?

A

progressively worsening memory, personality changes and anxiety

30
Q

what are the progressing symptoms of alheimers?

A

motor and speech problems, sleep disturbances, loss of recognition

31
Q

what are Brain changes of Alzheimers?

A

tangles containing plaques and synapse deterioration

32
Q

what are the risk factors of Alzheimers?

A

high fat Diest, physical inactivity, obesity

33
Q

what are the protective factors of Alzheimers?

A

education, mediterranean diet, exercise

34
Q

what do caregivers desire the most?

A

the need assistance and encouragement as well as dramatic changes in living conditions

35
Q

what do health interventions address?

A

multiple needs

36
Q

what can health interventions provide?

A

coping strategies, caregiving skills, respite

37
Q

what does explicit memory require?

A

require controlled strategic processing

38
Q

what are three changes to episodic memory?

A

slower cognitive processing, reduced working memories, retain fewer details

39
Q

what is implicit memory?

A

without conscious awareness

40
Q

in implicit memory what is easier than recall?

A

recognition

41
Q

how does implicit memory decline compared to explicit memory?

A

implicit memory declines far less than explicit memory

42
Q

what becomes difficult with associative memory?

A

difficulty creating and retrieving links between pieces of information

43
Q

what is remote memory?

A

very long term episodic recall

44
Q

autobiographical memory is strange for both what?

A

for both remote and recent events than for intermediate events

45
Q

what is prospective memory?

A

remembering to engage in planned actions in the future

46
Q

first ingredient of wisdom is knowledge about what?

A

knowledge about life’s fundamental concerns

47
Q

the second ingredient of wisdom is effective what?

A

effective strategies for applying knowledge

48
Q

the third ingredient of wisdom is view of?

A

view of people considers multiple demands of their lives

49
Q

the fourth ingredient of wisdom is concern for what?

A

concern with ultimate human values

50
Q

the fifth ingredient of wisdom is awareness and what?

A

awareness and management of life’s uncertainties

51
Q

what are three factors related to cognitive maintenance?

A

modest genetic contribution, mentally active life and health status

52
Q

what are signs of terminal decline?

A

rising instability of performance that increases in the 70s

53
Q

what is terminal decline?

A

accelerated deterioration of functioning prior to death

54
Q
A

Human Growth and Development (5 decks)

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